ArticleTrauma surgery & acute care open2019
Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005-2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data.
Article in Trauma surgery & acute care open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-fatal firearm violence across 17 US cities using police dashboard data, 2020-2025.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- A Multidimensional Approach to Measure Structural Racism and Its Association with Fatal and Nonfatal Community Firearm Violence at the Census Tract Level in New York City.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal community firearm violence in New York City, 2019-2023.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Characterising firearm-related databases across Canada: opportunities for data linkage to inform understanding of injury burden and prevention.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Systematic disparities in reporting on community firearm violence on local television news in Philadelphia, PA, USA.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Situational and Victim Correlates of Increased Case Fatality Rates in Los Angeles Shootings, 2005-2021.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing the Gun Violence Archive as an Epidemiologic Data Source for Community Firearm Violence in 4 US Cities.JAMA network open · 2023Observational
- Healthcare utilization and mental health outcomes among nonfatal shooting assault victims.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- The changing epidemiology of interpersonal firearm violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia, PA.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Identifying nonfatal firearm assault incidents through linking police data and clinical records: Cohort study in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2007-2016.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Making the news: Victim characteristics associated with media reporting on firearm injury.Preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Statement on Structural Racism, and the Deaths of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, and Breonna Taylor.Annals of surgery · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFirearm injury is a major public health burden in the USA. Absent a single, reliable data source, researchers have attempted to describe firearm injury epidemiology using trauma registry data. To understand the implications of this approach, we compared trends in firearm assault incidence and case-fatality in Philadelphia over 10 years from two sources: the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study (PTOS), Pennsylvania's state-mandated trauma registry, and the Philadelphia Police Department database (PPD) of firearm assaults.
methodsWe included PTOS firearm assault patients treated in Philadelphia County and PPD database firearm assault victims from 2005 to 2014. We calculated counts of fatal and non-fatal incidents using PTOS and PPD data. We used generalized linear models adjusted for seasonality to estimate temporal trends in firearm assault rates and case-fatality for both data sources and compared patient demographics and injury characteristics between the two.
resultsA total of 6988 PTOS and 14 172 PPD subjects met the inclusion criteria. In both data sets, firearm assault rates decreased significantly during the study period (PTOS: 5.19 vs. 3.43 per 10 000 person-years, change/year: -0.21, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.16; PPD: 10.97 vs. 6.70 per 10 000 person-years, change/year: -0.53, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.44). PTOS mean case-fatality rate was 26.5% and decreased significantly (change/year: -0.41, 95% CI -0.78% to 0.04%). PPD mean case-fatality rate was 18.9% with no significant change over time (p=0.41). DISCUSSION: Relative to PPD data, PTOS data underestimated firearm assault incidence and overestimated mortality. Trends in case-fatality rates were disparate across the two data sources. A true understanding of firearm injury in the USA requires comprehensive data collection on the incidence, nature, and severity of these injuries. As trauma registry data are by definition incomplete, combining data sources is essential. Local law enforcement data are an important potential source for studying city-level firearm injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, epidemiological.
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