ArticlePloS one2019
Association of iron deficiency anemia with tuberculosis in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes as a risk factor for tuberculosis disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Iron, Tuberculosis, and Particle-Related Exposures Including Smoking.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between iron deficiency anemia and the risk of new-onset tuberculosis infection: a matched cohort analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Relationship between iron deficiency and severity of tuberculosis: Influence on T cell subsets.iScience · 2025Article
- The Role of Ferroptosis and Cuproptosis in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Iron Status and Supplementation during Tuberculosis.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Association between Iron-Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and Septic Arthritis (SA): The Real-World Data.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Systemic Inflammation Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons Living with HIV.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Anemia, sarcopenia, physical activity, and the risk of tuberculosis in the older population: a nationwide cohort study.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIron deficiency is associated with decreased cellular immunity, which may predispose patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) to increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). This study investigated the relationship between newly diagnosed IDA and TB infection in Taiwan.
methodsThe study included data on 21,946 patients with incident IDA and 87,555 non-IDA controls from a national database covering the period 2000-2012. IDA and non-IDA subjects were matched 1:4 on age, gender, and index year. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial IDA diagnosis to the date of developing TB or 31 December 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, with the control group as the reference.
resultsThe adjusted hazard ratio of TB for the IDA group was 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.77-2.25) compared with the control group. The subgroup analysis showed that for both genders, all age groups, and patients with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hepatitis B virus infection, the IDA group had significantly higher TB incidence. The association was significantly stronger within the 5 years after new IDA diagnosis for both genders and all age groups.
conclusionsHigher TB incidence was discovered in the IDA group, especially for patients with comorbidities.
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