Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2020
Impact of early nausea on varenicline adherence and smoking cessation.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Addiction Treatment (PNAT)
Understanding Disparities in Quitting in African American and White Smokers
Helping People Adhere to Their Varenicline Treatment by Co-creating a Conversational Agent: A Feasibility Study
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic Prediction of Smoking Cessation Medication Side Effects: A Genome-Wide Investigation of Abnormal Dreams on Varenicline.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Trial
- Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in New Zealand indigenous Māori: a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Trial
- Understanding varenicline function via key receptor and ligand interactions.Cell reports. Physical science · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and Adherence of Pharmacological vs. Non-Pharmacological Technology-Supported Smoking Cessation Interventions: An Umbrella Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cigarette Smoking and Symptom Burden: Baseline Results From Nine ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Clinical Trials.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2025Article
- Article
- Identifying determinants of varenicline adherence using the Theoretical Domains framework: a rapid review.BMC public health · 2024Review
- AI Conversational Agent to Improve Varenicline Adherence: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- The use of biomarkers to guide precision treatment for tobacco use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Stability of Varenicline Concentration in Saliva Over 21 Days at Three Storage Temperatures.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsVarenicline effectiveness may be related to the level of adherence, which might be reduced by adverse effects such as nausea. The aim of the study was to test a possible effect of nausea on smoking cessation outcomes mediated by adherence.
designMediation path analysis.
settingMultiple sites within Canada and the United States.
participantsTreatment-seeking smokers receiving varenicline from two smoking cessation clinical trials: Quit2Live (NCT01836276; n = 449) and Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Addiction Treatment (PNAT) (NCT01314001; n = 421). MEASUREMENTS: Nausea severity was collected through self-report and adherence was biologically assessed using varenicline concentrations (Quit2Live, plasma sample at week 4; PNAT, saliva sample at week 2). In Quit2Live, the end-points were cotinine-verified abstinence at weeks 4, 12 and 26. In PNAT, the end-points were carbon monoxide-verified abstinence at weeks 2, 12 and 26.
findingsEarly nausea was not directly associated with abstinence [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.73-1.28; P ≥ 0.26]. However early nausea was indirectly associated with lower cessation rates at multiple timepoints (ORs ranging from 0.92-0.94; 95% CI between 0.83-0.99) in a relationship mediated by reduced varenicline adherence (assessed by plasma varenicline concentrations) in the primary trial (Quit2Live). This relationship between nausea, adherence and cessation was similar in direction but weaker in effect size (ORs ranging from 0.98-0.99; 95% CI between 0.90-1.03) in a secondary trial (PNAT), where adherence was assessed using salivary varenicline concentrations.
conclusionsThese data suggest that early nausea during varenicline treatment may be indirectly associated with lower likelihood of smoking cessation through reducing varenicline adherence. Differences in robustness between the trials may be due to the different biological matrices (plasma vs. saliva) and/or timing used to assess varenicline adherence. The results of the first study suggest that improved management of early nausea during varenicline treatment may positively impact smoking cessation success through increasing varenicline adherence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.