ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2019
Cumulative Childhood Lead Levels in Relation to Sleep During Adolescence.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is exposure to chemical pollutants associated with sleep outcomes? A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to manganese and objectively measured sleep disturbances in early childhood.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Associations of a metal mixture and vitamin D with sleep duration among adolescents and young adults from the 2011-2018 NHANES cycles.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2025Article
- Role of toxic and essential elements in sleep duration of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Childhood lead exposure and sleep problems in adolescents: a longitudinal cohort study.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- Addressing sleep deserts: A proposed call for action.Sleep health · 2024Article
- Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- Homeostatic NREM sleep and salience network function in adult mice exposed to ethanol during development.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Differential fat accumulation in early adulthood according to adolescent-BMI and heavy metal exposure.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2022Article
- Disrupted Sleep Homeostasis and Altered Expressions of Clock Genes in Rats with Chronic Lead Exposure.Toxics · 2021Article
- Association between cumulative childhood blood lead exposure and hepatic steatosis in young Mexican adults.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity.Toxics · 2021Review
- Mercury exposure in relation to sleep duration, timing, and fragmentation among adolescents in Mexico City.Environmental research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesLead exposure has been linked to adverse cognitive outcomes among children, and sleep disturbances could potentially mediate these relationships. As a first step, whether childhood lead levels are linked to sleep disturbances must be ascertained. Prior studies of lead and sleep are scarce and rely on parent-reported sleep data.
methodsThe study population included 395 participants from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants project, a group of sequentially enrolled birth cohorts from Mexico City. Blood lead levels measured from ages 1 to 4 years were used to calculate a cumulative measure of early childhood lead levels. Average sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and movement index were assessed once between the ages of 9 and 18 years with wrist actigraphs worn for a continuous 7-day interval. Linear regression models were fit with average sleep duration, fragmentation, or movement as the outcome and cumulative lead levels divided into quartiles as the exposure, adjusted for age, sex, and maternal education.
resultsMean (standard deviation) age at follow-up was 13.8 (1.9) years, and 48% of participants were boys. Median (interquartile range) cumulative childhood lead level was 13.7 (10.8, 18.0) μg/dL. Patients in the highest quartile of the cumulative childhood lead group had on average 23 minutes less sleep than those in the first quartile in adolescence (95% confidence interval [7, 39]; P, trend = .02). Higher cumulative lead level was associated with higher sleep fragmentation in younger adolescents (younger than 14 years) only (P, interaction = .02).
conclusionsShorter sleep duration may represent an as-yet unrecognized adverse consequence of lead exposure in youth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.