ArticleScientific reports2019
Glycerol Monolaurate Contributes to the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Human Milk.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiofilm Activity of a Thermoformable Material Loaded With Essential Oil Solution.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
- Antibacterial activity of glycerol monolaurate formulated in petrolatum.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The Acari Hypothesis, VIII: the human apocrine-mammary-microbiota axis andFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative inactivation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Effects of dietary glycerol monolaurate supplementation on milk production and methane emissions in Holstein dairy cows.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Higher Serum Monolaurin Is Associated with a Lower Risk of COVID-19: Results from a Prospective Observational Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Maternal consumption of glycerol monolaurate optimizes milk fatty acid profile and enhances piglet gut health in association with G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) activation.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Glycerol Monolaurate Complex Improved Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Composition of Offspring in a Sow-Piglet Model.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- The Acari Hypothesis, VII: accounting for the comorbidity of allergy with other contemporary medical conditions, especially metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Article
- Mitigation Strategies for African Swine Fever Virus Biosecurity: From Virus Inactivation to Pig Health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Unexpected Efficacy of Albumin-Bound Glycerol Monolaurate Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates: A Time-Kill Assay Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Primary succession of Bifidobacteria drives pathogen resistance in neonatal microbiota assembly.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- High hydrostatic pressure is similar to Holder pasteurization in preserving donor milk antimicrobial activity.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- A Novel Comprehensive Therapeutic Approach to the Challenges of Chronic Wounds: A Brief Review and Clinical Experience Report.Advances in therapy · 2024Review
- Glycerol monolaurate improves intestinal morphology and antioxidant status by suppressing inflammatory responses and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling in lipopolysaccharide-exposed chicken embryos.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Article
- Preventative and therapeutic potential of animal milk components against COVID-19: A comprehensive review.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Glycerol monolaurate inhibitsmicroPublication biology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk has antimicrobial compounds and immunomodulatory activities. We investigated glycerol monolaurate (GML) in human milk versus bovine milk and infant formula for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Human milk contained approximately 3000 µg/ml of GML, compared to 150 μg/ml in bovine milk and none in infant formula. For bacteria tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli), except Enterococcus faecalis, human milk was more antimicrobial than bovine milk and formula. The Enterococcus faecalis strain, which was not inhibited, produced reutericyclin, which is an analogue of GML and functions as a growth stimulant in bacteria that produce it. Removal of GML and other lipophilic molecules from human milk by ethanol extraction resulted in a loss of antibacterial activity, which was restored by re-addition of GML. GML addition caused bovine milk to become antimicrobial. Human milk but not bovine milk or formula inhibited superantigen and bacterial-induced IL-8 production by model human epithelial cells. GML may contribute beneficially to human milk compared to bovine milk or infant formula.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.