Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Lipid Metabolism Links Nutrient-Exercise Timing to Insulin Sensitivity in Men Classified as Overweight or Obese.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing the Effects of a High- and Low-carbohydrate Pre-exercise Meal Relative to Fasting on Exercise Metabolism, Subsequent Appetite, and Energy Intake in Healthy Males.
The Effect of Fasted Exercise on LDL-cholesterol in Men and Women
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exercise modalities for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: comparative effects on visceral fat, metabolism, and inflammatory markers from a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The acute effect of fasted exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release compared to fed exercise in healthy individuals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Pooled it
- Isolating the effects of carbohydrate and lipid availability on exercise-induced skeletal muscle signalling in males.The Journal of physiology · 2026Trial
- Differential benefits of 12-week morning vs. evening aerobic exercise on sleep and cardiometabolic health: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Substituting Carbohydrate at Lunch for Added Protein Increases Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise in Healthy Males.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of morning versus afternoon aerobic exercise training on reducing metabolic syndrome components: A randomized controlled trial.The Journal of physiology · 2024Trial
- Ketogenic diet but not free-sugar restriction alters glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, peripheral tissue phenotype, and gut microbiome: RCT.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Changes in 24-h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation in healthy older men.Physiological reports · 2022Trial
- Optimizing timing of exercise to improve metabolic outcomes in obesity and type 2 diabetes.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Review
- Impact of pre- and post-meal exercise on 24-H glucose profiles in young adults who are overweight and obese.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- Tailoring Exercise Prescription for Effective Diabetes Glucose Management.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Morning vs. evening: the role of exercise timing in enhancing fat oxidation in young men.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Effects of electrical stimulation of the lower extremities on postprandial hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness.Physical activity and nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.American journal of medicine open · 2023Article
- The effect of exercise in a fasted state on plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in males and females.Experimental physiology · 2023Article
- Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training.Sports medicine and health science · 2023Review
- Effects of exercise on circadian rhythms in humans.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Post-translational Modifications: The Signals at the Intersection of Exercise, Glucose Uptake, and Insulin Sensitivity.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Impact of pre-exercise feeding status on metabolic adaptations to endurance-type exercise training.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextPre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness.
objectiveTo assess acute and chronic effects of exercise performed before versus after nutrient ingestion on whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization and postprandial glucose metabolism.
design(1) Acute, randomized, crossover design (Acute Study); (2) 6-week, randomized, controlled design (Training Study).
settingGeneral community.
participantsMen with overweight/obesity (mean ± standard deviation, body mass index: 30.2 ± 3.5 kg⋅m-2 for Acute Study, 30.9 ± 4.5 kg⋅m-2 for Training Study).
interventionsModerate-intensity cycling performed before versus after mixed-macronutrient breakfast (Acute Study) or carbohydrate (Training Study) ingestion.
resultsAcute Study-exercise before versus after breakfast consumption increased net intramuscular lipid utilization in type I (net change: -3.44 ± 2.63% versus 1.44 ± 4.18% area lipid staining, P < 0.01) and type II fibers (-1.89 ± 2.48% versus 1.83 ± 1.92% area lipid staining, P < 0.05). Training Study-postprandial glycemia was not differentially affected by 6 weeks of exercise training performed before versus after carbohydrate intake (P > 0.05). However, postprandial insulinemia was reduced with exercise training performed before but not after carbohydrate ingestion (P = 0.03). This resulted in increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity (25 ± 38 vs -21 ± 32 mL⋅min-1⋅m-2; P = 0.01), associated with increased lipid utilization during exercise (r = 0.50, P = 0.02). Regular exercise before nutrient provision also augmented remodeling of skeletal muscle phospholipids and protein content of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (P < 0.05).
conclusionsExperiments investigating exercise training and metabolic health should consider nutrient-exercise timing, and exercise performed before versus after nutrient intake (ie, in the fasted state) may exert beneficial effects on lipid utilization and reduce postprandial insulinemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.