SynthesisJournal of neurology2021
"Smoking paradox" is not true in patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking status and the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning: a secondary analysis of the RICAMIS trial.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Trial
- Smoking influences outcome in patients who had thrombolysed ischaemic stroke: the ENCHANTED study.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2021Trial
- Nicotine-Mediated Redox and Nitrosative Stress in Cardiorenal Health.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Sex-specific effects of methylprednisolone on outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion: A secondary analysis of the MARVEL trial.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Acute Stroke in a Multi-Ethnic South Asian Population.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Effects of Smoking on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of smoking on third-degree atrioventricular block outcomes: A propensity-matched analysis.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2024Article
- Revisiting the Smoking Paradox in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: Findings From the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Smoking Affects the Post-Stroke Inflammatory Response of Lipid Mediators in a Gender-Related Manner.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Age Stratification in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Juvenile patients with the homozygous MTHFR C677T genotype develop ischemic stroke 5 years earlier than wild type.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2022Article
- Stroke associated with Mycoplasma hominis infection: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2021Article
- Effects of White Matter Hyperintensities on 90-Day Functional Outcome after Large Vessel and Non-Large Vessel Stroke.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a common cause of death from vascular diseases. Studies have found that smoking increases the risk of ischemic stroke, but the association of smoking with the outcome of IS remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect of smoking on the prognosis of IS.
methodsWe searched four electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Web of science for papers, published before January 2019. In this meta-analysis, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate for the pooled estimate effect, as well as the inverse-variance method for pooled mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) of incidence in two groups of population.
resultsA total of 14,789 citations were identified during the literature search, 21 studies were included in the meta-analyses after screening. The full-adjusted OR of poor prognostic outcome in smoking and nonsmoking patients with stroke was pooled as 0.96 (95% CI 0.77-1.21), suggested that smoking or not has no impact on prognosis of IS. The pooled MD of onset age between smoking and nonsmoking IS patients was - 10.05 (- 12.91, - 7.19), indicated that smoking causes first onset of IS to occur 10 years earlier.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis showed that smoking was not a protective factor for poor prognosis of IS. Smoking patients with IS are 10 years younger than nonsmoking patients at time of the first onset of stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.