Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019
Short-term dietary reduction of branched-chain amino acids reduces meal-induced insulin secretion and modifies microbiome composition in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled crossover trial.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03261362 (Branched-Chain Amino Acid Dietary Reduction Under Weight Maintainance in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Dietary Reduction Under Weight Maintainance in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal role of genetically predicted impairment of branched-chain amino acid catabolism on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary intervention improves metabolic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes through the gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of oats induced by microbially produced phenolic metabolites in metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Brown adipose tissues mediate the metabolism of branched chain amino acids during the transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism (TRIBUTE).Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- A Novel Dietary Intervention Reduces Circulatory Branched-Chain Amino Acids by 50%: A Pilot Study of Relevance for Obesity and Diabetes.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes: insights from metagenomics, multi-omics, and diet-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Branched-chain amino acids and gut microbiota: coregulation and impact on neurological function via the gut-brain axis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The hallmarks of protein and amino acid restriction in aging and longevity.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- From Inclusion Complexes to Metabolic Signaling: The Emerging Role of γ-Cyclodextrin in Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Regulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From chemical characterization to functional validation: Screening of anti-hyperglycemic components and their action mechanisms in differentially fermented teas.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Branched-chain α-keto acids impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells under diabetes by reactivating the LDHA-lactate axis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maternal BCAA overnutrition programs persistent dysglycemia in lean adult offspring.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Feeding the invaders: how metabolic imbalance shapes infection and biofilm development.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake in relation to general and central obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Metabolic Transition Between Fasting and Feeding Alters Aging-Associated Metabolites, Lowers BCAAs, and Stimulates FGF21 Production in Humans.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Dietary isoleucine content modulates the metabolic and molecular response to a Western diet in mice.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies have shown that increased circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This may result from altered energy metabolism or dietary habits.
objectiveWe hypothesized that a lower intake of BCAAs improves tissue-specific insulin sensitivity.
methodsThis randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover trial examined well-controlled T2D patients receiving isocaloric diets (protein: 1 g/kg body weight) for 4 wk. Protein requirements were covered by commercially available food supplemented ≤60% by an AA mixture either containing all AAs or lacking BCAAs. The dietary intervention ensured sufficient BCAA supply above the recommended minimum daily intake. The patients underwent the mixed meal tolerance test (MMT), hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (HECs), and skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue biopsies to assess insulin signaling.
resultsAfter the BCAA- diet, BCAAs were reduced by 17% during fasting (P < 0.001), by 13% during HEC (P < 0.01), and by 62% during the MMT (P < 0.001). Under clamp conditions, whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity did not differ between diets. After the BCAA- diet, however, the oral glucose sensitivity index was 24% (P < 0.01) and circulating fibroblast-growth factor 21 was 21% higher (P < 0.05), whereas meal-derived insulin secretion was 28% lower (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue expression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin was 13% lower, whereas the mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was 1.7-fold higher (both P < 0.05). The fecal microbiome was enriched in Bacteroidetes but depleted of Firmicutes.
conclusionsShort-term dietary reduction of BCAAs decreases postprandial insulin secretion and improves white adipose tissue metabolism and gut microbiome composition. Longer-term studies will be needed to evaluate the safety and metabolic efficacy in diabetes patients.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03261362.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.