ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2019
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathology might not be inexorably progressive or unique to repetitive neurotrauma.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing perceptions of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) across health care disciplines.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cortical subpial aging-related tau astrogliopathy in older adult men who participated in youth amateur American-style football.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative mortality among National Football League Players.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological study of chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology in a population-based cohort.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change in the Late Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury project: Findings in a community autopsy cohort.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Review
- Clinical and Neuropsychological Profiles in People With Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathologic Change: Matched Case-Series Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Markers Associated with Cognitive and Functional Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Principles in Claims of Causality: An Enquiry into Repetitive Head Impacts (RHI) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Short- and long-term changes in neurological, behavioural, and blood biomarkers following repeated mild traumatic brain injury in rats-potential biological sex-dependent effects.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association between mammillary body atrophy and memory impairment in retired athletes with a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interaction of Medical Conditions and Football Exposures Associated with Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis in Former Professional American Football Players.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Brain pathology and symptoms linked to concussion history: beyond chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Applying the Consensus Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome Retrospectively to Case Studies of Boxers from the 20th Century.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Increased brain age and relationships with blood-based biomarkers following concussion in younger populations.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)-features and forensic considerations.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2023Article
- The benefits of rehabilitation exercise in improving chronic traumatic encephalopathy: recent advances and future perspectives.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Review
- Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts.British journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): criteria for neuropathological diagnosis and relationship to repetitive head impacts.Acta neuropathologica · 2023Review
- The spectrum of disease and tau pathology of nodding syndrome in Uganda.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the 20th century, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was conceptualized as a neurological disorder affecting some active and retired boxers who had tremendous exposure to neurotrauma. In recent years, the two research groups in the USA who have led the field have asserted definitively that CTE is a delayed-onset and progressive neurodegenerative disease, with symptoms appearing in midlife or decades after exposure. Between 2005 and 2012 autopsy cases of former boxers and American football players described neuropathology attributed to CTE that was broad and diverse. This pathology, resulting from multiple causes, was aggregated and referred to, in toto, as the pathology 'characteristic' of CTE. Preliminary consensus criteria for defining the neuropathology of CTE were forged in 2015 and published in 2016. Most of the macroscopic and microscopic neuropathological findings described as characteristic of CTE, in studies published before 2016, were not included in the new criteria for defining the pathology. In the past few years, there has been steadily emerging evidence that the neuropathology described as unique to CTE may not be unique. CTE pathology has been described in individuals with no known participation in collision or contact sports and no known exposure to repetitive neurotrauma. This pathology has been reported in individuals with substance abuse, temporal lobe epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, throughout history, some clinical cases have been described as not being progressive, and there is now evidence that CTE neuropathology might not be progressive in some individuals. Considering the current state of knowledge, including the absence of a series of validated sensitive and specific biomarkers, CTE pathology might not be inexorably progressive or specific to those who have experienced repetitive neurotrauma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.