Trial reportJCI insight2019
Salt increases monocyte CCR2 expression and inflammatory responses in humans.
Trial report in JCI insight, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ketone Supplementation as a Strategy to Reduce the Negative Health Effects of High Dietary Salt in Young Adults
Ketone Supplementation as a Strategy to Reduce the Negative Health Effects of High Dietary Salt in Older Adults
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Sodium Intake Induce Systemic Inflammatory Response? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies in HumansNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- High dietary salt intake increases urinary NGAL excretion and creatinine clearance in healthy young adults.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2022Trial
- Spatiotemporal co-occurrence patterns and related risk factors of esophageal and lip and oral cavity cancers among older adults across 203 countries and territories: a machine learning-driven systematic analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Salt and chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- From bud to stem: dynamics of hematopoietic stem cells that drive homing and mobilization.Current opinion in hematology · 2026Review
- Synergistic Effects of Normal-Range Serum Sodium and Potassium on Mortality: The Modifying Role of Inflammation From a NHANES Cohort Analysis.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Article
- The multifaceted impact of a high-salt environment on the immune system and its contribution to salt-sensitive hypertension.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- High Salt Intake and Atherosclerosis Progression-Not Only via Blood Pressure: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The Impact of a Western Diet with High Salt on Metabolic Outcomes in Male C57bl/6J Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dietary salt intake worsens the Th17-dependent inflammatory profile of patients with cirrhosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Prognostic impact of hypernatremia for septic shock patients in the intensive care unit.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Trained immunity induced by high-salt diet impedes stroke recovery.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks.European heart journal · 2023Article
- A new immune disease: systemic hypertension.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Associations between dietary patterns and an array of inflammation biomarkers and plasma lipid profile in postmenopausal women.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Assessment of interleukin-10 promoter variant (-1082A/G) and cytokine production in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Phenotypic and functional alterations of monocyte subsets with aging.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2022Article
- Association of early dysnatremia with mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit: results from the AWAKEN study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Association of Hypernatremia with Immune Profiles and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients with Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation may play a role in the link between high salt intake and its deleterious consequences. However, it is unknown whether salt can induce proinflammatory priming of monocytes and macrophages in humans. We investigated the effects of salt on monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo by performing a randomized crossover trial in which 11 healthy human subjects adhered to a 2-week low-salt and high-salt diet. We demonstrate that salt increases monocyte expression of CCR2, a chemokine receptor that mediates monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases. In line with this, we show a salt-induced increase of plasma MCP-1, transendothelial migration of monocytes, and skin macrophage density after high-salt diet. Macrophages demonstrate signs of an increased proinflammatory phenotype after salt exposure, as represented by boosted LPS-induced cytokine secretion of IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 in vitro, and by increased HLA-DR expression and decreased CD206 expression on skin macrophages after high-salt diet. Taken together, our data open up the possibility for inflammatory monocyte and macrophage responses as potential contributors to the deleterious effects of high salt intake.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.