ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2019
Targeting Endotypic Traits with Medications for the Pharmacological Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. A Review of the Current Literature.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Pooled it
- Combination Drug Therapy with Acetazolamide, Eszopiclone ± Venlafaxine for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (RESCUE-Combo): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of atomoxetine plus oxybutynin in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with moderate pharyngeal collapsibility.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Trial
- Impact of reboxetine plus oxybutynin treatment for obstructive sleep apnea on cardiovascular autonomic modulation.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- A single dose of noradrenergic/serotonergic reuptake inhibitors combined with an antimuscarinic does not improve obstructive sleep apnoea severity.Physiological reports · 2022Trial
- High prevalence of low arousal threshold endotype in obstructive sleep apnea with multiple sclerosis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Translational Perspective on Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of upper airway muscle control in sleep reveal therapeutic targets for obstructive sleep apnea.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- OSA Endotyping as Targets for Treatment. How Far Have We Come?Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Review
- Advances in Non-CPAP Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Spotlight on Pharmacological Therapies.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Treatments-Where Are We Now?Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Fatigue is distinct from sleepiness and negatively impacts individuals living with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): results from qualitative research of individuals with OSA.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- Article
- Short-term Effects of Nortriptyline on Sleep Parameters for Residual OSA after UPPP.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Cholinergic modulation of upper airway control: maturational changes and mechanisms at cellular and synaptic levels.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Review
- The effect of sulthiame on potential biomarkers in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Serotoninergic Signalling Pathway: Pathomechanism and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effect of melatonin on insomnia and daytime sleepiness, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia (COMISA): A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2024Article
- The Present and Future of the Clinical Use of Physiological Traits for the Treatment of Patients with OSA: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition with few therapeutic options. To date there is no approved pharmacotherapy for this disorder, but several attempts have been made in the past and are currently ongoing to find one. The recent identification of multiple endotypes underlying this disorder has oriented the pharmacological research towards tailored therapies targeting specific pathophysiological traits that contribute differently to cause OSA in each patient. In this review we retrospectively analyze the literature on OSA pharmacotherapy dividing the medications tested on the basis of the four main endotypes: anatomy, upper airway muscle activity, arousal threshold and ventilatory instability (loop gain). We show how recently introduced drugs for weight loss that modify upper airway anatomy may play an important role in the management of OSA in the near future, and promising results have been obtained with drugs that increase upper airway muscle activity during sleep and reduce loop gain. The lack of a medication that can effectively increase the arousal threshold makes this strategy less encouraging, although recent studies have shown that the use of certain sedatives do not worsen OSA severity and could actually improve patients' sleep quality.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.