ArticleEMBO reports2019
SUMOylated SNF2PH promotes variant surface glycoprotein expression in bloodstream trypanosomes.
Article in EMBO reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A factor integrating transcription and repression of surface antigen genes in African trypanosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Depolymerization of SUMO chains induces slender to stumpy differentiation in T. brucei bloodstream parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Unwrap RAP1's Mystery at Kinetoplastid Telomeres.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Stage-specific transcription activator ESB1 regulates monoallelic antigen expression in Trypanosoma brucei.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
- Nuclear Condensates: New Targets to Combat Parasite Immune Evasion?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Genetic and immunological basis of human African trypanosomiasis.Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- A hub-and-spoke nuclear lamina architecture in trypanosomes.Journal of cell science · 2021Article
- TbSAP is a novel chromatin protein repressing metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein expression sites in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- SUMO and Transcriptional Regulation: The Lessons of Large-Scale Proteomic, Modifomic and Genomic Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- May the Odds Be Ever in Your Favor: Non-deterministic Mechanisms Diversifying Cell Surface Molecule Expression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- TheGenes · 2020Article
- Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers: Emerging Regulators of Protozoan Parasites.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Ubiquitination and the Proteasome as Drug Targets in Trypanosomatid Diseases.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Review
- SUMOylated SNF2PH promotes variant surface glycoprotein expression in bloodstream trypanosomes.EMBO reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that positively regulates monoallelic expression of the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). The presence of a highly SUMOylated focus associated with the nuclear body, where the VSG gene is transcribed, further suggests an important role of SUMOylation in regulating VSG expression. Here, we show that SNF2PH, a SUMOylated plant homeodomain (PH)-transcription factor, is upregulated in the bloodstream form of the parasite and enriched at the active VSG telomere. SUMOylation promotes the recruitment of SNF2PH to the VSG promoter, where it is required to maintain RNA polymerase I and thus to regulate VSG transcript levels. Further, ectopic overexpression of SNF2PH in insect forms, but not of a mutant lacking the PH domain, induces the expression of bloodstream stage-specific surface proteins. These data suggest that SNF2PH SUMOylation positively regulates VSG monoallelic transcription, while the PH domain is required for the expression of bloodstream-specific surface proteins. Thus, SNF2PH functions as a positive activator, linking expression of infective form surface proteins and VSG regulation, thereby acting as a major regulator of pathogenicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.