ArticleViruses2019
Monophosphoryl-Lipid A (MPLA) is an Efficacious Adjuvant for Inactivated Rabies Vaccines.
Article in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction and immunogenicity evaluation of a tuberculosis subunit vaccine based on fusion protein AP2 and novel adjuvant ASM.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Alcaligenes lipid A as a sublingual adjuvant to augment protective immune responses in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.International immunology · 2026Article
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Advances in Adjuvanted Rabies Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptors in fish: evolution, structure, immune signaling, and translational prospects for adjuvant-based vaccine design in aquaculture.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Measuring ethanol clearance in lipid nanoparticles and liposomes by benchtop NMR.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid promotes humoral immunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Docking Studies of Glycolipids Inspired byMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Evaluation of the Immunostimulatory Effect of Ulvan Polysaccharide on Human Macrophages: Use as a Potential Vaccine Adjuvant.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Monosaccharide-Based Synthetic TLR4 Agonist Enhances Vaccine Efficacy againstACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- The immunological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based oxycodone vaccines.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- A single dose of an ALVAC vector-based RABV virus-like particle candidate vaccine induces a potent immune response in mice, cats and dogs.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Monophosphoryl lipid A as a co-adjuvant in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vaccine development: improvement of immune responses in a mouse model of infection.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Evaluation of different types of adjuvants in a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine.International immunopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Circularized Nanodiscs for Multivalent Mosaic Display of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Antigens.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rabies, as one of the most threatening zoonoses in the world, causes a fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease. So far, vaccination with rabies vaccines has been the most effective measure to prevent and control this disease. At present, inactivated rabies vaccines are widely used in humans and domestic animals. However, humoral immune responses induced by inactivated rabies vaccines are relatively low and multiple shots are required to achieve protective immunity. Supplementation with an adjuvant is a practical way to improve the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies vaccines. In this study, we found that monophosphoryl-lipid A (MPLA), a well-known TLR4 agonist, could significantly promote the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) through a TLR4-dependent pathway in vitro and the maturation of conventional DCs (cDCs) in vivo. We also found that MPLA, serving as an adjuvant for inactivated rabies vaccines, could significantly facilitate the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs), consequently enhancing the production of RABV-specific total-IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and the virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs). Furthermore, MPLA could increase the survival ratio of mice challenged with virulent RABV. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MPLA serving as an adjuvant enhances the intensity of humoral immune responses by activating the cDC-Tfh-GC B axis. Our findings will contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of traditional rabies vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.