ArticleJournal of sports science & medicine2019
Polarized and Pyramidal Training Intensity Distribution: Relationship with a Half-Ironman Distance Triathlon Competition.
Article in Journal of sports science & medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Performance, physiology, and determinants of success in IRONMAN® 70.3: A systematic review.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Which Training Intensity Distribution Intervention will Produce the Greatest Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Athletes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of Polarized Versus Other Types of Endurance Training Intensity Distribution on Athletes' Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Triathletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Machine learning-based personalized training models for optimizing marathon performance through pyramidal and polarized training intensity distributions.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Training intensity distribution for sprinter swimmers: suggestions for swimming coaches and scientists.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- One Sprinter, Two Olympic Preparations: A Single-Athlete Longitudinal Observational Study of Training-Intensity Distribution and Implications for Future 50 m Events.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Training load and intensity in triathlon: objective differences between sex, age, race distance preference and training phase across a cohort of 95 age-group triathletes over six months.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Recent advances in training intensity distribution theory for cyclic endurance sports: theoretical foundations, model comparisons, and periodization characteristics.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Polarized Training Intensity Distribution on Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Work Economy Among Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Training Characteristics, Performance, and Body Composition of Three U23 Elite Female Triathletes throughout a Season.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of a 16-Week Training Program with a Pyramidal Intensity Distribution on Recreational Male Cyclists.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of Two Different Training Interventions on Cycling Performance in Mountain Bike Cross-Country Olympic Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Look to the stars-Is there anything that public health and rehabilitation can learn from elite sports?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Review
- Road to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games: Training Characteristics of a World Class Male Triathlete.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Absolute Accelerometer-Based Intensity Prescription Compared to Physiological Variables in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Six Weeks of Polarized Versus Moderate Intensity Distribution: A Pilot Intervention Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to relate the training intensity distribution with performance in a Half-Ironman distance triathlon competition. A total of 18 recreational-level triathletes were divided into two training groups according to their training intensity distribution: Polarized (POL) and Pyramidal (PYR). Prior to the specific training period of the study, subjects performed a ramp-protocol test, running and cycling to determine ventilatory thresholds (VT) through gas-exchange analysis. For swimming, subjects performed an 800-metre test to establish their training zones. Training was quantified based on the cumulative time spent in 3 intensity zones: zone 1 (low intensity, <VT1), zone 2 (moderate intensity, VT1-VT2) and zone 3 (high intensity >VT2). POL competed 84.5%/4.2%/11.3% and PYR 77.9%/18.8%/3.3% of total training time for zones 1,2 and 3 respectively. The goal of the training period was a half Ironman distance triathlon. Training time in zone 2 inversely correlated with swimming and cycling race time in POL and with running and total race time in PYR. Power at VT2 on bike and speed at VT2 as well as maximum aerobic power and speed in the physiological post test inversely correlated with bike and run segment respectively and with total race time. These results suggest that training time in zone 2 was related with better performance on a Half-Ironman race in amateur triathletes. Future experimental research is needed to clarify the importance of training intensity distribution regarding performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31827355PMC6873141What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.