ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Virus-virus interactions impact the population dynamics of influenza and the common cold.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 313 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
313 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 535 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of common respiratory viruses of infants with respiratory tract infections in European countries in the past decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing between the pre-COVID-19, pandemic, and post-COVID-19 periods.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- The COVID-19 pandemic in a paediatric population: A health care perspective.Journal of mother and child · 2022Pooled it
- Decreased risk of non-influenza respiratory infection after influenza B virus infection in children.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Respiratory pandemic risk in the Anthropocene: A One Health framework and GISRS+ agenda.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Patterns in the dynamics of respiratory viruses after the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational, retrospective study using sentinel surveillance network data, Catalonia, 2022 to 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Observational
- Leveraging perturbations to infer the population dynamics of human rhinovirus and interaction of influenza A virus.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Pathogen Epidemic Timing in a Seasonal Environment.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Exposure tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Innate Immune Activation and Viral Interference During Sequential Co-Infection with Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Epidemiology ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Post-COVID impairment of T cell responses to community-acquired pathogens can be modified by activating cellular metabolism.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of Respiratory Infections Using Syndromic Panels: A Ct-Based Approach Beyond Qualitative Detection.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genomic Surveillance of Endemic Human Coronaviruses in Côte d'Ivoire Using Targeted Hybrid-Capture Sequencing.Viruses · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Human Metapneumovirus and Potential Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Interventions in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Severe Disease Among Hospitalized Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Epidemic dynamics and age-specific distribution of respiratory pathogens: a direct-to-consumer surveillance study in four regions of China, October 2023-February 2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
253 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human respiratory tract hosts a diverse community of cocirculating viruses that are responsible for acute respiratory infections. This shared niche provides the opportunity for virus-virus interactions which have the potential to affect individual infection risks and in turn influence dynamics of infection at population scales. However, quantitative evidence for interactions has lacked suitable data and appropriate analytical tools. Here, we expose and quantify interactions among respiratory viruses using bespoke analyses of infection time series at the population scale and coinfections at the individual host scale. We analyzed diagnostic data from 44,230 cases of respiratory illness that were tested for 11 taxonomically broad groups of respiratory viruses over 9 y. Key to our analyses was accounting for alternative drivers of correlated infection frequency, such as age and seasonal dependencies in infection risk, allowing us to obtain strong support for the existence of negative interactions between influenza and noninfluenza viruses and positive interactions among noninfluenza viruses. In mathematical simulations that mimic 2-pathogen dynamics, we show that transient immune-mediated interference can cause a relatively ubiquitous common cold-like virus to diminish during peak activity of a seasonal virus, supporting the potential role of innate immunity in driving the asynchronous circulation of influenza A and rhinovirus. These findings have important implications for understanding the linked epidemiological dynamics of viral respiratory infections, an important step towards improved accuracy of disease forecasting models and evaluation of disease control interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.