ArticleClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2020
Racial and Ethnic Variations in Mortality Rates for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis Treated in US Territories Compared with the US 50 States.
Article in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association of Social Determinants of Health on Mortality among Adults with End-Stage Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Commemorating the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases' Advances in Kidney Health: 75 Years of Discovery and Impact.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Estimating Short-Term and Long-Term Survival for Patients With Kidney Failure Using a Mixture Survival Model.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Commemorating the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases' Advances in Kidney Health: 75 Years of Discovery and Impact.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Patients' Perspectives on the Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker-Led Intervention to Increase Chronic Kidney Disease Knowledge and Screening among Underserved Latine Adults: The CARE 2.0 Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in End-Stage Kidney Disease Outcomes among Asians and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders across Geographic Residence.American journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) to Address Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Education among Underserved Latines-The CARE Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Taking a "Care Pathway/Whole Systems" Approach to Equality Diversity Inclusion (EDI) in Organ Donation and Transplantation in Relation to the Needs of "Ethnic/Racial/Migrant" Minority Communities: A Statement and a Call for Action.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2023Review
- Clinical Outcomes With Medium Cut-Off Versus High-Flux Hemodialysis Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2022Article
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13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesIn the United States mortality rates for patients treated with dialysis differ by racial and/or ethnic (racial/ethnic) group. Mortality outcomes for patients undergoing maintenance dialysis in the United States territories may differ from patients in the United States 50 states. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: This retrospective cohort study of using US Renal Data System data included 1,547,438 adults with no prior transplantation and first dialysis treatment between April 1, 1995 and September 28, 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of death for the territories versus 50 states for each racial/ethnic group using the whole cohort and covariate-matched samples. Covariates included demographics, year of dialysis initiation, cause of kidney failure, comorbid conditions, dialysis modality, and many others.
resultsOf 22,828 patients treated in the territories (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), 321 were white, 666 were black, 20,299 were Hispanic, and 1542 were Asian. Of 1,524,610 patients in the 50 states, 838,736 were white, 444,066 were black, 182,994 were Hispanic, and 58,814 were Asian. The crude mortality rate (deaths per 100 patient-years) was lower for whites in the territories than the 50 states (14 and 29, respectively), similar for blacks (18 and 17, respectively), higher for Hispanics (27 and 16, respectively), and higher for Asians (22 and 15). In matched analyses, greater risks of death remained for Hispanics (HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 1.70;
conclusionsMortality rates for patients undergoing dialysis in the United States territories differ substantially by race/ethnicity compared with the 50 states. After matched analyses for comparable age and risk factors, mortality risk no longer differed for whites or blacks, but remained much greater for territory-dwelling Hispanics and Asians.
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