ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
The Unique Microbiome and Innate Immunity During Pregnancy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Special Issue: New Horizons in HIV and Reproductive Health Research: HIV Acquisition and Reproductive Health in Key Populations.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Butyrate ameliorates maternal high-fat-diet-induced placental inflammation and offspring metabolic dysfunction via modulating gut microbiota in mice.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The role of Piezo1 in immune cells and pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Maternal Infections During Pregnancy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Analysis of vaginal microbiota during postpartum and postmenopausal periods based on metagenomics.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Importance of Lactobacilli for Human Health.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Establishment of the uterine microbiome following artificial insemination in virgin heifers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Maternal gut microbiota in the health of mothers and offspring: from the perspective of immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Effects of surface sterilization of fertile eggs on the yolk microbiota during the chicken embryo development.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The microbiome of the pregnant uterus in Holstein dairy heifers and cows assessed by bacterial culture and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The Dynamic Changes in the Composition and Diversity of Vaginal Microbiota in Women of Different Pregnancy Periods.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- The Gut Microbiota of Pregnant Rats Alleviates Fetal Growth Restriction by Inhibiting the TLR9/MyD88 Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- The Molecular Mechanisms of HLA-G Regulatory Function on Immune Cells during Early Pregnancy.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- A Narrative Review Discussing the Obstetric Repercussions Due to Alterations of Personalized Bacterial Sites Developed within the Vagina, Cervix, and Endometrium.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract†.Biology of reproduction · 2023Review
- Utilizing Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Phosphatidylserine Microbubbles to Detect Placental Inflammation in Rhesus Macaques.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Is there a placental microbiota? A critical review and re-analysis of published placental microbiota datasets.BMC microbiology · 2023Review
- The Bacterial DNA Profiling of Chorionic Villi and Amniotic Fluids Reveals Overlaps with Maternal Oral, Vaginal, and Gut Microbiomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A successful pregnancy depends on not only the tolerance of the fetal immune system by the mother but also resistance against the threat of hazardous microorganisms. Infection with pathogenic microorganisms during pregnancy may lead to premature delivery, miscarriage, growth restriction, neonatal morbidity, and other adverse outcomes. Moreover, the host also has an intact immune system to avoid these adverse outcomes. It is important to note the presence of normal bacteria in the maternal reproductive tract and the principal role of the maternal-placental-fetal interaction in antimicrobial immunity. Previous studies mainly focused on maternal infection during pregnancy. However, this review summarizes the new views on the study of the maternal microbiome and expounds the innate immune defense mechanism of the maternal vagina and decidua as well as how cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts recognize and kill bacteria in the placenta. Fetal immune systems, thought to be weak, also exhibit an immune defense function that is indispensable for maintaining the safety of the fetus. The skin, lungs, and intestines of the fetus during pregnancy constitute the main immune barriers. These findings will provide a new understanding of the effects of normal microbial flora and how the host resists harmful microbes during pregnancy. We believe that it may also contribute to the reference on the clinical prevention and treatment of gestational infection to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.