Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Implications of the Hemoglobin Glycation Index on the Diagnosis of Prediabetes and Diabetes.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Safety Profile of Semaglutide and Variations by Sex, Race, and Kidney Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Association Between the Hemoglobin Glycation Index and the Risk of Delirium in Stroke Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Association between hemoglobin glycation index and carotid plaques in non-dialysis CKD stage 3-5 patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Article
- Determining A1C Normal Values in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Impact of hemoglobin glycation index on prognosis in critical patients with acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study using MIMIC-IV 2.2 database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Association Between the Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Mini-Review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Review
- Association of Hemoglobin Glycation Index With All-Cause Mortality, Cardiac Mortality, and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study of NHANES Data.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular disease in populations with diabetes or prediabetes: a population-based cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index among adults with type 1 diabetes: Association with double diabetes features.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individual.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- The sleep for health study: A randomized clinical trial of the impact of insomnia treatment on glycemia in people with prediabetes.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index and mortality risk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease patients: a novel U-shaped association.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and Cushing's syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Chinese populations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association between the haemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluating HbAScientific reports · 2024Article
- Correlation between inflammatory factors, autophagy protein levels, and infection in granulation tissue of diabetic foot ulcer.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- A genome-wide association study identifies genetic determinants of hemoglobin glycation index with implications across sex and ethnicity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Effect of biological variation in HbA1c and blood glucose on the diagnosis of prediabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2023Article
- Factors associated with hemoglobin glycation index in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: The FGM-Japan study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can lead to different results when diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes. The Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) quantifies the interindividual variation in glycation resulting in discrepancies between FPG and HbA1c. We used data from the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study to calculate HGI, to identify HGI-associated variables, and to determine how HGI affects prediabetes and diabetes diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS: A linear regression equation [HbA1c (%) = 0.0164 × FPG (mg/dL) + 4.2] was derived using the screening cohort (n = 6829) and applied to calculate predicted HbA1c. This was subtracted from the observed HbA1c to determine HGI in the baseline cohort with 2hPG data (n = 3945). Baseline variables plus prediabetes and diabetes diagnosis by FPG, HbA1c, and 2hPG were compared among low, moderate, and high HGI subgroups.
resultsThe proportion of women and Black/African American individuals increased from low to high HGI subgroups. Mean FPG decreased and mean HbA1c increased from low to high HGI subgroups, consistent with the HGI calculation; however, mean 2hPG was not significantly different among HGI subgroups.
conclusionsHigh HGI was associated with Black race and female sex as reported previously. The observation that 2hPG was not different across HGI subgroups suggests that variation in postprandial glucose is not a significant source of population variation in HGI. Exclusive use of HbA1c for diagnosis will classify more Black individuals and women as having prediabetes compared with using FPG or 2hPG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.