ReviewBeilstein journal of nanotechnology2020
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides.
Review in Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 413 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-Penetrating Peptide Delivery for CRISPR Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Advances in vehicles for in situ delivery: From classical vectors to biologically inspired structures.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Non-Covalent Active Mixing as a Viable Alternative to Covalent Conjugation for the Intracellular Delivery of Biologics: The Case of Glucarpidase.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Protein Modifications for Cellular Protein Delivery.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Chemical Synthesis of Mirror-Image Proteins Reveals Chirality-Dependent Cellular Uptake Mediated by a Cell-Penetrating Peptide.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Nucleolaron1511 and Nucleolaron1510 Facilitate Effective Intracellular Delivery of Azami Green Protein in HeLa Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Peptide-Based Delivery Systems: Selected Insights into Cell-Penetrating Peptides.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Versatile Applications of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Modern Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanistic design of cell-penetrating disruptors for phospho-dependent TACC3-CHC interaction.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2026Article
- Eye Drop Development of Anti-VEGF Therapeutics by Ocular Penetrating Carrier to the Posterior Region of the Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Prospects and challenges in intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Integrative Peptide Drug Development: Chemical Engineering, AI-Driven Design, and Cell-Penetrating Peptides.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Plant Bioactive Compounds at the Interface of Extraction Science, Green Nanoparticles and Applied Biotechnology: A Narrative Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Discovery of a Minimally Charged Cell-Penetrating Peptide.Biochemistry · 2026Article
- Understanding cell-penetrating peptide mechanisms using computational electrophysiology simulations.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Deciphering the Influence of Side Chains of Short Cationic Hydrophobic Peptides on Macroscopic and Molecular Properties of Mixed Lipid Bilayers.The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Supercharged Proteins: A Comprehensive Protocol from Isolation to Cellular Uptake.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Bismuth Bicycles.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2026Review
- Engineered Escherichia coli as a microbial cell factory for intracellular protein delivery: strains, vectors, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications.Microbial cell factories · 2026Review
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In today's modern era of medicine, macromolecular compounds such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids are dethroning small molecules as leading therapeutics. Given their immense potential, they are highly sought after. However, their application is limited mostly due to their poor in vivo stability, limited cellular uptake and insufficient target specificity. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) represent a major breakthrough for the transport of macromolecules. They have been shown to successfully deliver proteins, peptides, siRNAs and pDNA in different cell types. In general, CPPs are basic peptides with a positive charge at physiological pH. They are able to translocate membranes and gain entry to the cell interior. Nevertheless, the mechanism they use to enter cells still remains an unsolved piece of the puzzle. Endocytosis and direct penetration have been suggested as the two major mechanisms used for internalization, however, it is not all black and white in the nanoworld. Studies have shown that several CPPs are able to induce and shift between different uptake mechanisms depending on their concentration, cargo or the cell line used. This review will focus on the major internalization pathways CPPs exploit, their characteristics and regulation, as well as some of the factors that influence the cellular uptake mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.