ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2019
Immune System Sex Differences May Bridge the Gap Between Sex and Gender in Fibromyalgia.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of MMP-3, IL-6, IL-6R, and TNF-Alpha Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients Presenting to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Neurobehavioral Predictors of Fibromyalgia: Internal Validation of a Model Based on Psychological Distress and Affective Regulation.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Immune Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia After a Qigong Programme: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Chronic pain prevalence and severity in females before & after menopause versus males in a large multi-center database.Pain management · 2025Observational
- When the diagnosis misses the mark: The psychiatric cost of misdiagnosing hypophosphatasia as fibromyalgia.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Targeting sex-specific DRG inflammation and neurofibrosis to prevent Bortezomib-induced neuropathy.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- The Role of Immature Granulocytes in Fibromyalgia: An Indicator of Subclinical Inflammation?Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Macrophage depletion restores the DRG microenvironment and prevents axon degeneration in bortezomib-induced neuropathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Strain: A Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Perspective on Musculoskeletal Disorders in the United States Over Three Decades: 1990-2019.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Abnormal immune system response in the brain of women with Fibromyalgia after experimental endotoxin challenge.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- A Brief Overview: Sex Differences in Prevalent Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Fibromyalgia in Pregnancy: Neuro-Endocrine Fluctuations Provide Insight into Pathophysiology and Neuromodulation Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Thalamocortical bistable switch as a theoretical model of fibromyalgia pathogenesis inferred from a literature survey.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Female-Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post-COVID Syndrome.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2022Article
- DNA Methylation Changes in Fibromyalgia Suggest the Role of the Immune-Inflammatory Response and Central Sensitization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Review
- Regulatory T-cells and IL-5 mediate pain outcomes in a preclinical model of chronic muscle pain.Molecular painArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by chronic widespread pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and cognitive alterations. A limited efficacy of targeted treatment and a high FMS prevalence (2-5% of the adult population) sums up to high morbidity. Although, altered nociception has been explained with the central sensitization hypothesis, which may occur after neuropathy, its molecular mechanism is not understood. The marked female predominance among FMS patients is often attributed to a psychosocial predisposition of the female gender, but here we will focus on sex differences in neurobiological processes, specifically those of the immune system, as various immunological biomarkers are altered in FMS. The activation of innate immune sensors is compatible with a neuropathy or virus-induced autoimmune diseases. Considering sex differences in the immune system and the clustering of FMS with autoimmune diseases, we hypothesize that the female predominance in FMS is due to a neuropathy-induced autoimmune pathophysiology. We invite the scientific community to verify the autoimmune hypothesis for FMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.