ArticleToxins2020
T-2 Toxin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Chicken Hepatocytes.
Article in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress in Biotoxin-Induced Liver Injury: From ROS Generation to Cell Death and Therapeutic Intervention.Toxics · 2026Review
- Role of T-2 toxin in the modulation of oxidative homeostasis and immune function in three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures of chicken origin.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Identification of plasma lipidomic biomarkers for prognostic stratification in advanced gastric cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunolocalization of p53 and p21 in Kidneys Exposed to T-2 Mycotoxin.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Environmental Toxins and Oxidative Stress: The Link to Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tibial Damage Caused by T-2 Toxin in Goslings: Bone Dysplasia, Poor Bone Quality, Hindered Chondrocyte Differentiation, and Imbalanced Bone Metabolism.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The Effect of Combined Exposure ofToxins · 2024Article
- Investigation of the effects of T-2 toxin in chicken-derived three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- DNA Damage Induced by T-2 Mycotoxin in Human Skin Fibroblast Cell Line-Hs68.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Expression Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Articular Cartilage of Rats Exposed to T-2 Toxin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Nrf2: A Main Responsive Element of the Toxicity Effect Caused by Trichothecene (T-2) Mycotoxin.Toxics · 2023Review
- T-2 toxin-induced intestinal damage with dysregulation of metabolism, redox homeostasis, inflammation, and apoptosis in chicks.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- A biochemical, theoretical and immunohistochemical study comparing the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin and taurine on T-2 toxin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- T-2 Toxin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Protective Autophagy in Mouse Microglia BV2 Cells.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells.Toxins · 2022Article
- T-2 Toxin-The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Effect of a Mycotoxin Binder (MMDA) on the Growth Performance, Blood and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Fed Ochratoxin A and T-2 Mycotoxin Contaminated Diets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T-2 toxin is type A trichothecenes mycotoxin, which produced by fusarium species in cereal grains. T-2 toxin has been shown to induce a series of toxic effects on the health of human and animal, such as immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Previous study has proven that T-2 toxin caused hepatotoxicity in chicken, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the toxicological effect of T-2 toxin on apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocytes. The total of 120 1-day-old healthy broilers were allocated randomly into four groups and reared for 21 day with complete feed containing 0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis rate and pathological changes degree hepatocytes were aggravated with the increase of T-2 toxin. At the molecular mechanism level, T-2 toxin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by producing reactive oxygen species, promoting cytochrome c translocation between the mitochondria and cytoplasm, and thus promoting apoptosomes formation. Meanwhile, the expression of the autophagy-related protein, ATG5, ATG7 and Beclin-1, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased, while p62 was downregulated, suggesting T-2 toxin caused autophagy in hepatocytes. Further experiments demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal may be participated in autophagy induced by T-2 toxin in chicken hepatocytes. These data suggest a possible underlying molecular mechanism for T-2 toxin that induces apoptosis and autophagy in chicken hepatocytes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.