ReviewJournal of gastroenterology2020
Unresolved issues of immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B.
Review in Journal of gastroenterology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tenofovir Alafenamide in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the High-Replicative Low-Inflammatory Phase: A 48-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical virology · 2026Trial
- Clinical burden and biochemical profiles of viral hepatitis in a tertiary healthcare facility in North Central, Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HBsAg loss in HIV/HBV coinfected patients: Hepatitis B cure insights and implications.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- The role of m6A regulators mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis B: a novel diagnostic and prognostic indicator.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a new predictive model for the immune tolerance stage of chronic HBV infection based on the liver histopathological changes.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Latest insights into the epidemiology, characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of chronic hepatitis B patients in indeterminate phase.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Lowering the threshold of alanine aminotransferase for enhanced identification of significant hepatic injury in chronic hepatitis B patients.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Long-term prognosis and the need for histologic assessment of chronic hepatitis B in the serological immune-tolerant phase.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Article
- CD8 T cell-mediated depletion of HBV surface-antigen-expressing, bilineal-differentiated liver carcinoma cells generates highly aggressive escape variants.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Perspectives on current controversial issues in the management of chronic HBV infection.Journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- [Analysis of hepatic pathological inflammation and fibrosis condition and its influencing factors in 721 patients with chronic hepatitis B with normal ALT].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Article
- [A study of the effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of HBeAg- positive chronic hepatitis B with normal alanine aminotransferase and high level of HBV DNA].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Article
- A nomogram based on HBeAg, AST, and age to predict non-minimal liver inflammation in CHB patients with ALT <80 U/L.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Quantitative HBsAg versus HBV DNA in Predicting Significant Hepatitis Activity of HBeAg-Positive Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- High-frequency and activation of CD4Veterinary research · 2021Article
- [Optimal timing of antiviral therapy for chronic HBV-infected patients with normal ALT].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2020Article
- Novel biomarkers for chronic hepatitis B management.Clinical liver diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, immune-tolerant phase is characterized by high viral replication, the presence of HBV e antigen (HBeAg), and normal or minimally elevated serum alanine aminotransferase. Immune-tolerant phase is usually regarded as a benign course of the disease. International guidelines recommend observation rather than treatment during immune-tolerant phase. In this article, we review unresolved issues related to the definition of true immune-tolerant phase and the benefit of antiviral treatment. Defining true immune-tolerant phase requires a careful approach and long-term follow-up. In previous studies, many patients were misclassified as being immune-tolerant phase. Noninvasive methods of assessing fibrosis are warranted for patients in the immune-tolerant phase. Yet, there has been controversy over the benefit and harm of antiviral treatment for immune-tolerant phase patients. Thus, further larger scale studies are needed to investigate the prognosis of patients in true immune-tolerant phase and their need for antiviral therapy.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.