ArticleIntensive care medicine experimental2020
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy in preclinical sepsis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Intensive care medicine experimental, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-PD-L1 Therapy Does Not Improve Survival in a Murine Model of Lethal Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecule Expression in Clinical Sepsis Studies: A Systematic Review.Critical care medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Targeting VISTA for immunomodulation in sepsis: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression: redefining sepsis therapy using modern approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Multiple organ injury in septic rats under weightlessness.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of pulmonary mucormycosis reveals a failed activation of host immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Role and Research Progress of CD8Biomedicines · 2025Review
- VISTA nonredundantly regulates proliferation and CD69low γδ T cell accumulation in the intestine in murine sepsis.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Article
- Anti-PD-L1 therapy altered inflammation but not survival in a lethal murine hepatitis virus-1 pneumonia model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Role of regulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Resolving sticky relationships between platelets and lymphocytes in COVID-19: A role for checkpoint inhibitors?British journal of haematology · 2022Article
- Oncology Drug Repurposing for Sepsis Treatment.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Review
- Mechanisms and modulation of sepsis-induced immune dysfunction in children.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Article
- PD-L1 Antibody Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Targeting in Mouse Models for Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Identification of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune alterations in acutely ill patients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- The unleashing of the immune system in COVID-19 and sepsis: the calm before the storm?Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2020Article
- Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Infection: What Is the Interplay?In vivo (Athens, Greece)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnimal studies reporting immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) improved host defense and survival during bacterial sepsis provided one basis for phase I CPI sepsis trials. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the benefit of CPI therapy in preclinical studies, and whether variables potentially altering this clinical benefit were investigated. Studies were analyzed that compared survival following bacteria or lipopolysaccharide challenge in animals treated with inhibitors to programmed death-1 (PD-1), PD-ligand1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), or B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) versus control.
resultsNineteen experiments from 11 studies (n = 709) were included. All experiments were in mice, and 10 of the 19 were published from a single research group. Sample size calculations and randomization were not reported in any studies, and blinding procedures were reported in just 1. Across all 19 experiments, CPIs increased the odds ratio for survival (OR, 95% CI) [3.37(1. 55, 7.31)] but with heterogeneity (I
conclusionsPreclinical studies showing that CPIs add benefit to antibiotic therapy for the common bacterial infections causing sepsis clinically are needed to support this therapeutic approach. Studies should be reproducible across multiple laboratories and include procedures to reduce the risk of bias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.