ReviewJournal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics2020
Anatomical and physiological alterations of pregnancy.
Review in Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychological Experiences of Pregnancy Following Transplantation: A Systematic Qualitative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Global incidence and risk factors of pregnancy-related stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 270 million women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Are educational tools in oral health programs for pregnant women effective in improving the oral status of mothers and babies? A systematic review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2024Pooled it
- Thoracic organ transplantation and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Patent Review (2008-2023) for Treatment in Pregnancy.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of conservative therapy on pain, disability and quality of life for low back pain in pregnancy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Brazilian journal of physical therapyPooled it
- Effect of nutrition intervention coupled with healthy dietary advice on the nutritional status of pregnant women in the northern zone of the Sidama region, Ethiopia: a multilevel, cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Prenatal Mindfulness Training and Interoceptive Awareness in Pregnant People at Risk for Hypertensive Disorders.Journal of integrative and complementary medicine · 2024Trial
- Minimum Local Anesthetic Dose of Ropivacaine in Cesarean Section for Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Spinal Anesthesia Using 24-Gauge versus 26-Gauge Needles Based on Fluid Simulation Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Application of a Systematic Oral Health Promotion Model for Pregnant Women: A Randomised Controlled Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2022Trial
- Association between extreme heat exposure and risk of preterm birth and its effect modifiers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Vascularization and Stiffness in Salivary Glands During Pregnancy Using Superb Microvascular Imaging and Shear Wave Elastography Techniques.Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU · 2026Article
- Impact of coccydynia on quality of life, function, and neuromuscular control in women with third trimester pelvic girdle pain: a cross-sectional study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- PBPK Models for Fetal Drug Exposure: A Critical Assessment of Current Approaches and Regulatory Readiness.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Changes in Pepsinogen Activity in Biological Fluids of Pregnant Women with Newborns of Different Weights.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Modulation of NF-κB and TLR Signaling Pathways and Complement Components in Ovine Maternal Thyroid During Early Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cancer During Pregnancy: Navigating Clinical and Research Challenges.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Target-Controlled Infusion for Caesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia: From Conventional Pharmacokinetic Models to Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Case for Standardized Maternal Cardiac Arrest Simulation Training in Prehospital and Hospital-Based Settings.O&G open · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders of gut-brain interaction in pregnancy.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The extensive metabolic demands of pregnancy require specific physiological and anatomical changes. These changes affect almost all organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, and hematologic system. The placenta adds another layer of complexity. These changes make it challenging for clinicians to understand presenting signs and symptoms, or to interpret laboratory and radiological tests. Furthermore, these physiological alterations can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Drug safety in lactation is only supported by limited evidence. In addition, the teratogenic effects of medications are often extrapolated from animals, which further adds uncertainties. Unfortunately, pregnant women are only rarely included in clinical drug trials, while doses, regimens, and side effects are often extrapolated from studies conducted in non-pregnant populations. In this comprehensive review, we present the changes occurring in each system with its effects on the pharmacokinetic variables. Understanding these physiological changes throughout normal pregnancy helps clinicians to optimize the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. Furthermore, the information on pregnancy-related physiology is also critical to guide study design in this vulnerable 'orphan' population, and provides a framework to explore pregnancy-related pathophysiology such as pre-eclampsia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.