ReviewFEMS microbiology letters2020
3D biofilms: in search of the polysaccharides holding together lichen symbioses.
Review in FEMS microbiology letters, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the potential of lichen substances as antifungal agents: the effects of extracts and lichen secondary metabolites on Fusarium fungi.Archives of microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi.Archives of microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Functional redundancy and stability support the resilience of the Evernia prunastri holobiont under urbanization.Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
- Chromosome-level genome assembly of the photobiont microalga Trebouxia sp. 'A48' from the lichen Xanthoria parietina.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Endangered Deep-Snow Mountain Caribou Have a Distinct Winter Diet and Gut Microbiome That May Be Altered by Maternal Penning.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of the Antarctic LichenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Microbial occurrence and symbiont detection in a global sample of lichen metagenomes.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- A spectrophotometric analysis of extracted water-soluble phenolic metabolites of lichens.Planta · 2024Article
- Novel endolithic bacteria of phylumApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- The extracellular matrix of green algae.Plant physiology · 2023Review
- Freeze Substitution Accelerated via Agitation: New Prospects for Ultrastructural Studies of Lichen Symbionts and Their Extracellular Matrix.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Interactions of Fungi and Algae from the Greenland Ice Sheet.Microbial ecology · 2023Article
- The Tripartite LichenMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Bacterial communities of Antarctic lichens explored by gDNA and cDNA 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2023Article
- Microbiomic Analysis of Bacteria Associated with Rock Tripe Lichens in Continental and Maritime Antarctic Regions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparative analysis of genome-based CAZyme cassette in Antarctic Microbacterium sp. PAMC28756 with 31 other Microbacterium species.Genes & genomics · 2022Article
- The lichen market place.The New phytologist · 2022Article
- Large differences in carbohydrate degradation and transport potential among lichen fungal symbionts.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Cyanolichen microbiome contains novel viruses that encode genes to promote microbial metabolism.ISME communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stable, long-term interactions between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, collectively known as lichens, have repeatedly evolved complex architectures with little resemblance to their component parts. Lacking any central scaffold, the shapes they assume are casts of secreted polymers that cement cells into place, determine the angle of phototropic exposure and regulate water relations. A growing body of evidence suggests that many lichen extracellular polymer matrices harbor unicellular, non-photosynthesizing organisms (UNPOs) not traditionally recognized as lichen symbionts. Understanding organismal input and uptake in this layer is key to interpreting the role UNPOs play in lichen biology. Here, we review both polysaccharide composition determined from whole, pulverized lichens and UNPOs reported from lichens to date. Most reported polysaccharides are thought to be structural cell wall components. The composition of the extracellular matrix is not definitively known. Several lines of evidence suggest some acidic polysaccharides have evaded detection in routine analysis of neutral sugars and may be involved in the extracellular matrix. UNPOs reported from lichens include diverse bacteria and yeasts for which secreted polysaccharides play important biological roles. We conclude by proposing testable hypotheses on the role that symbiont give-and-take in this layer could play in determining or modifying lichen symbiotic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.