ReviewBest practice & research. Clinical rheumatology2020
The microbiome in autoimmune rheumatic disease.
Review in Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19 outcomes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.BMC rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Bidirectional association between rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Multi-faceted characterization of the gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Distinct vaginal microbial signatures in pregnancies complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome: depletion ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Resilience and Environmental Stressors: A Hidden Key to Lifespan Optimization?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Rheumatic Diseases.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Pathological Mechanisms to Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of Skin Microbiota in Autoimmune Skin Diseases from a Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Perspective.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- The importance of ALPK1 kinase functionality as a potential biomarker for inflammatory diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Non-starch polysaccharides and health: gut-target organ axis influencing obesity.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Microbial imbalance in the gut: a new frontier in Rheumatoid arthritis research.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Interplay of Nutrition, the Gut Microbiota and Immunity and Its Contribution to Human Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Vitiligo: are microbes to blame?Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2025Review
- Head to head comparison ofClinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Primary biliary cholangitis has causal effects on systemic rheumatic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of the Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Critical Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Blood Microbiota and Its Products: Mechanisms of Interference with Host Cells and Clinical Outcomes.Hematology reports · 2024Review
- Characteristics of the oral microbiota in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Current Approaches to Prevent or Reverse Microbiome Dysbiosis in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Review
- Microbial Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial contributions to the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have been studied since the advent of germ theory in the 19th century. With the exception of Group A Streptococcus in rheumatic fever, early studies failed to establish causal relationships between specific pathobionts and rheumatic disease. Today, systemic autoimmune diseases are thought to result from a complex interplay of environmental factors, individual genetic risk, and stochastic events. Interactions of microbiota and the immune system have been shown to promote and sustain chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In mechanistic studies, microbe-immune cell interactions have been implicated in the initiation of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, e.g., through the posttranslational modification of autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis or through neutrophil cell death and cross-reactivity with commensal orthologs in systemic lupus erythematosus. In parallel, modern molecular techniques have catalyzed the study of the microbiome in systemic autoimmune diseases. Here, I review current insights gained into the skin, oral, gut, lung, and vascular microbiome in connective tissue diseases and vasculitis. Mechanism relevant to the development and propagation of autoimmunity will be discussed whenever explored. While studies on autoimmune rheumatic disease have almost invariably shown abnormal microbiome structure (dysbiosis), substantial variability in microbial composition between studies makes generalization difficult. Moreover, an etiopathogenic role of specific pathobionts cannot be inferred by association alone. Integrating descriptive studies of microbial communities with hypothesis-driven research informed by immunopathogenesis will be important in elucidating targetable mechanisms in preclinical and established rheumatic disease.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.