ReviewCellular immunology2020
Extracellular vesicles in allograft rejection and tolerance.
Review in Cellular immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical evidence.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Immune cell profiling in intestinal transplantation.Human immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles: powerful candidates in nano-drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Pooled it
- Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Are a Novel Tool to Monitor Allograft Function in Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Endothelial Glycocalyx in Kidney Transplantation: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advances in nanomaterial-based delivery systems for inducing transplantation tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomes in ocular graft-versus-host disease: an overview.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- M2 macrophage polarization in allogeneic skin transplantation: from intrinsic mechanisms to clinical prospects for immune tolerance.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles reduceAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- On the tightrope between life and graft: immunosuppression in critically ill solid organ transplant recipients.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- The role of extracellular vesicles in chronic lung allograft dysfunction and response to extracorporeal photopheresis.JHLT open · 2025Review
- Regulatory Immune Cell-derived Exosomes: Modes of Action and Therapeutic Potential in Transplantation.Transplantation · 2025Review
- Targeting Recipient Dendritic Cells with Sialic Acid-Modified Donor Alloantigen Prolongs Skin Transplant Survival.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MSC-derived extracellular vesicles: Precision miRNA delivery for overcoming cancer therapy resistance.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Let-7b-5p loaded Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicles reducebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Immune Activation in Solid Organ Transplantation: The Impact of Immunosuppression.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Exosome-based miRNA delivery: Transforming cancer treatment with mesenchymal stem cells.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Unlocking Transplant Tolerance with Biomaterials.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- The dual effects of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles on tumor cell behavior: mechanisms and clinical potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Normothermic liver perfusion derived extracellular vesicles have concentration-dependent immunoregulatory properties.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, ectosomes and apoptotic vesicles, play an essential role in communication between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Recent studies showed that EVs released after transplantation of allogeneic tissues and organs are involved in the immune recognition and response leading to rejection or tolerance in mice. After skin, pancreatic islet, and solid organ transplantation, donor-derived EVs were shown to initiate direct inflammatory alloresponses by T cells leading to acute rejection. This occurred through presentation of intact allogeneic MHC molecules on recipient antigen presenting cells (MHC cross-dressing) and subsequent activation of T cells via semi-direct allorecognition. On the other hand, some studies have documented the role of EVs in maternal tolerance of fetal alloantigens during pregnancy and immune privilege associated with spontaneous tolerance of liver allografts in laboratory rodents. The precise nature of the EVs, which are involved in rejection or tolerance, and the cells which produce them, is still unclear. Nevertheless, several reports showed that EVs released in the blood and urine by allografts can be used as biomarkers of rejection. This article reviews current knowledge on the contribution of EVs in allorecognition by T cells and discusses some mechanisms underlying their influence on T cell alloimmunity in allograft rejection or tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.