SynthesisNutrients2020
Sodium and Salt Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies and Surveys.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic Review of Social Marketing as a Behavior Change Agent in Salt Reduction.Global heart · 2025Pooled it
- The burden of hypertension in Ecuador: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Pooled it
- Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Public Health Implications for Hypertension Among Peruvian Aged 15 Years and Older: Evidence from the 2022-2023 Demographic and Health Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sodium, potassium, and blood pressure regulation in Latin American populations: a critical narrative review of multifactorial determinants.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Pattern of salt intake among Iranian hypertensive patients: insights from the 2021 STEPS study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Monitoring sodium content in processed and ultraprocessed foods in Argentina 2022: compliance with National Legislation and Regional Targets.Public health nutrition · 2024Observational
- Sodium and potassium excretion and its association with cardiovascular disorders in Mexican adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Modelling the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexico.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Mean population salt intake in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Estimation of Sodium Availability and Food Sources from 2018 to 2019 and Its Trends during the 2004-2019 Period in Costa Rica.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake: Data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016.Nutrients · 2022Article
- 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Review
- Salt intake and blood pressure in Iranian children and adolescents: a population-based study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System Promotes Blood Pressure Salt-Sensitivity in C57BL6/J Mice.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Sodium content in commonly consumed away-from-home food in three areas of Metropolitan Lima, Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publicaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sodium/salt consumption is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although global targets to reduce salt intake have been established, current levels and trends of sodium consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which sodium consumption was analyzed based on urine samples (24 hour samples or otherwise). The search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus and LILACS. From 2350 results, 53 were studied in detail, of which 15 reports were included, providing evidence for 18 studies. Most studies were from Brazil (7/18) and six collected 24 hour urine samples. In the random effects meta-analysis, 12 studies (29,875 people) were analyzed since 2010. The pooled mean 24 hour estimated sodium consumption was 4.13 g/day (10.49 g/day of salt). When only national surveys were analyzed, the pooled mean was 3.43 g/day (8.71 g/day of salt); when only community studies were analyzed the pooled mean was 4.39 g/day (11.15 g/day of salt). Studies had low risk of bias. The estimated 24 hour sodium consumption is more than twice the World Health Organization recommendations since 2010. Regional organizations and governments should strengthen policies and interventions to measure and reduce sodium consumption in LAC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.