Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32094151›Full record

SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2020

Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Liping Huang, Kathy Trieu, Sohei Yoshimura, Bruce Neal, Mark Woodward, Norm R C Campbell, Qiang Li, Daniel T Lackland, Alexander A Leung, Cheryl A M Anderson and 2 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04515095 (A Safety and Feasibility Study of Water-only Fasting and Refeeding for Treatment of Stage 1 and 2 Hypertensive Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 227 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
227citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
28.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04515095 nacompletednot on this map

A Safety and Feasibility Study of Water-only Fasting and Refeeding for Treatment of Stage 1 and 2 Hypertensive Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorTrueNorth Health FoundationRan2020 to 2022Enrolled30ConditionsHypertensionArmsWater-only Fasting
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

227 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 387 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
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  6. Hypertension Canada guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in adults in primary care.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Guideline
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167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.

Liping HuangSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Kathy TrieuThe George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sohei YoshimuraThe George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Bruce NealThe George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Norm R C CampbellDepartments of Medicine and Community Health Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Qiang LiThe George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Daniel T LacklandMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Alexander A LeungDepartments of Medicine and Community Health Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Cheryl A M AndersonThe University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Graham A MacGregorWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
Feng J HeWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK f.he@qmul.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-4119
UNSW Sydney · AUQueen Mary University of London · GBUniversity of Calgary · CAMedical University of South Carolina · USThe George Institute for Global Health · GBThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity of California San Diego · US

Funding

Department of Health 16/136/77Medical Research Council MR/J015903/1Medical Research Council MR/P012590/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the dose-response relation between reduction in dietary sodium and blood pressure change and to explore the impact of intervention duration.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and reference lists of relevant articles up to 21 January 2019. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing different levels of sodium intake undertaken among adult populations with estimates of intake made using 24 hour urinary sodium excretion. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two of three reviewers screened the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer extracted all data and the other two reviewed the data for accuracy. Reviewers performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression.

results133 studies with 12 197 participants were included. The mean reductions (reduced sodium

conclusionsThe magnitude of blood pressure lowering achieved with sodium reduction showed a dose-response relation and was greater for older populations, non-white populations, and those with higher blood pressure. Short term studies underestimate the effect of sodium reduction on blood pressure. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019140812.

Indexed as

Diet, Sodium-RestrictedBlood PressureBlood Pressure DeterminationDose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansHypertensionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSodium Chloride, DietarySodium Chloride, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID32094151
PMCPMC7190039
OpenAlexW3007294623

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.