ArticleOxidative medicine and cellular longevity2020
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions May Be One of the Major Causative Factors Underlying Detrimental Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride.
Article in Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Microscopy to Nanoscopy: Contemporary Physical Methods in Mitochondrial Structural Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ingestion of Surface Residues Dominates Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) Exposure in Chinese Urban Homes: Evidence from Silicone Wristband Passive Sampling and Urinary Biomonitoring.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride, a Preservative in Topical Drugs, on the Barrier Function of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Topical Ocular Drug Delivery: The Impact of Permeation Enhancers.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Clinical Characteristics of Granular Parakeratosis Caused by Benzalkonium Chloride: A Retrospective Case Series.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Profile and Management Outcomes of Neurotrophic Keratitis at A Tertiary Eye Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Cohort Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- The new preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine 0.6% preserves the ocular surface epithelial integrity in a comparative in vitro study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Optic Nerve at Stake: Update on Environmental Factors Modulating Expression of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Genome-wide RNA sequencing of ocular fibroblasts from glaucomatous and normal eyes: Implications for glaucoma management.PloS one · 2024Article
- Is it time to re-evaluate exposure risks to quaternary ammonium compounds as disinfectants?Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern.Environmental science & technology · 2023Review
- Cytotoxicity, Mitochondrial Functionality, and Redox Status of Human Conjunctival Cells after Short and Chronic Exposure to Preservative-Free Bimatoprost 0.03% and 0.01%: An In Vitro Comparative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review of Ocular Surface Disease Related to Anti-Glaucomatous Medications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Benzalkonium Chloride, Even at Low Concentrations, Deteriorates Intracellular Metabolic Capacity in Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Is it time for a moratorium on the use of benzalkonium chloride in eyedrops?British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions.Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- Quaternary ammonium compounds in hypersensitivity reactions.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Review
- Propagation of Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species within theAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Enhanced Biofilm Eradication and Reduced Cytotoxicity of a Novel Polygalacturonic and Caprylic Acid Wound Ointment Compared with Common Antiseptic Ointments.BioMed research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is currently the most commonly used antimicrobial preservative in ophthalmic solutions, nasal sprays, and cosmetics. However, a large number of clinical and experimental investigations showed that the topical administration of BAC-containing eye drops could cause a variety of ocular surface changes, from ocular discomfort to potential risk for future glaucoma surgery. BAC-containing albuterol may increase the risk of albuterol-related systemic adverse effects. BAC, commonly present in personal care products, in cosmetic products can induce irritation and dose-dependent changes in the cell morphology. The cationic nature of BAC (it is a quaternary ammonium) suggests that one of the major targets of BAC in the cell may be mitochondria, the only intracellular compartment charged negatively. However, the influence of BAC on mitochondria has not been clearly understood. Here, the effects of BAC on energy parameters of rat liver mitochondria as well as on yeast cells were examined. BAC, being a "weaker" uncoupler, potently inhibited respiration in state 3, diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential, caused opening of the Ca2+/Pi-dependent pore, blocked ATP synthesis, and promoted H
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.