Trial reportJCI insight2020
Growth and differentiation factor 15 is secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise and promotes lipolysis in humans.
Trial report in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02161926 (Dietary Restrictions Implications on Metabolic Changes in Obese Men), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dietary Restrictions Implications on Metabolic Changes in Obese Men : Comparison Between Two Groups of Different Ages (60-70 Years Old Versus 30-40 Years Old)
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth differentiation factor 15 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis : a systematic review.Bone & joint research · 2025Pooled it
- Characteristics of the Protocols Used in Electrical Pulse Stimulation of Cultured Cells for Mimicking In Vivo Exercise: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of exercise conducted prior to phenylketonuria-type meal on appetite, satiety hormones and energy expenditure: a randomised cross-over trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Exercise Intervention on Mitochondrial Stress Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Functional segregation of body-brain signals in the area postrema.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sema4A Protects Against Muscle Atrophy and Promotes Repair by Regulating Intracellular Metabolic Signalling.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- From Pharmacodynamic Biomarker to Evaluating Treatment Response: Biomarkers in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Exerkine dysregulation links visceral adiposity to skeletal muscle impairment in end-stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: proteomic evidence for a cardio-adipose-muscle axis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 mitigates lipotoxic steatosis by preserving mitochondrial morphodynamics and augmenting fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes and liver organoids.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- The impact of bariatric and metabolic surgery on the levels of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 in humans.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Reexamining Fat: Exploring Diversity, Plasticity, Development, Functional Implication, and Therapeutic Options.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cardiac biomarkers in athletes and active individuals: a clinical review of exercise-induced elevations and diagnostic interpretation.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Electrical pulse stimulation reflecting the episodic nature of real-life exercise modulates metabolic and secretory profile of primary human myotubes.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Engineered Muscle Tissue Analysis of Irisin Protection Against Glucocorticoid- and Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting and Cardiotoxicity.Biochip journal · 2026Article
- Thyroid follicular cell-derived GDF15 attenuates inflammation and lipid dysregulation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The evolving landscape of cancer cachexia prevention: A review of metronomic chemotherapy and drug repurposing strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Short-term CoQ10 supplementation reduces markers of cardiac stress in soccer players following heavy exercise: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 Promotes a Pro-Regenerative Response in Chondrocytes Upon Cartilage Injury.MedComm · 2025Article
- Early adipose tissue wasting in a preclinical model of human lung cancer cachexia.Cell reports · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We hypothesized that skeletal muscle contraction produces a cellular stress signal, triggering adipose tissue lipolysis to sustain fuel availability during exercise. The present study aimed at identifying exercise-regulated myokines, also known as exerkines, able to promote lipolysis. Human primary myotubes from lean healthy volunteers were submitted to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to mimic either acute intense or chronic moderate exercise. Conditioned media (CM) experiments with human adipocytes were performed. CM and human plasma samples were analyzed using unbiased proteomic screening and/or ELISA. Real-time qPCR was performed in cultured myotubes and muscle biopsy samples. CM from both acute intense and chronic moderate exercise increased basal lipolysis in human adipocytes. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression and secretion increased rapidly upon skeletal muscle contraction. GDF15 protein was upregulated in CM from both acute and chronic exercise-stimulated myotubes. We further showed that physiological concentrations of recombinant GDF15 protein increased lipolysis in human adipose tissue, while blocking GDF15 with a neutralizing antibody abrogated EPS CM-mediated lipolysis. We herein provide the first evidence to our knowledge that GDF15 is a potentially novel exerkine produced by skeletal muscle contraction and able to target human adipose tissue to promote lipolysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.