ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Tetraspanin-6 negatively regulates exosome production.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Dual Role of Glial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegeneration: Insights from iPSC-Based Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The 'sugar' side of extracellular vesicle-glycome: a panorama from basic characteristics, deciphering technologies, functions, to applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Heparan Sulphate Glycosaminoglycan Chains Contribute to the Tethering of Coronal Factors and Are Important for Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Fibroblast Activation.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Look Who Is Talking: Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Intercellular and Interorgan Communication.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Andrographolide targets syndecan4 to impair its interaction with syntenin and inhibits the biogenesis of small extracellular vesicles.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- Gene Editing of a Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Tetraspanin Impairs Parasite Surface Biogenesis and Extracellular Vesicle Uptake by Human Host Cells.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Inter-organ crosstalk in systemic inflammation: a narrative review of molecular mechanisms and pharmacological modulation in the muscle-adipose-liver axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Redefining the Limits of Nanodevices-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Glaucoma: Opportunities and Challenges.Current eye research · 2025Review
- Microcargos with Megaeffects: A Literature Review of Immunomodulatory, Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Dimensions of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: biogenesis mechanism and impacts on tumor immune microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- The role of exosomes in immunopathology and potential therapeutic implications.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles From Fungal Infection in Humans: A Key Player in Immunological Responses.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Tetraspanins affect membrane structures and the trafficking of molecular partners: what impact on extracellular vesicles?Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- Salivary Proteome Is Altered in Children With Small Area Thermal Burns.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2025Article
- Identification of the tetraspanin gene family in sugarcane and its response to sugarcane mosaic virus infection.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Exosomal circular RNAs in tumor microenvironment: An emphasis on signaling pathways and clinical opportunities.MedComm · 2024Review
- Research on the TSPAN6 regulating the secretion of ADSCs-Exos through syntenin-1 and promoting wound healing.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Super-Enhancer-Driven Syndecan-4 Regulates Intercellular Communication in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endosomal origin, emerge as master regulators of cell-to-cell signaling in physiology and disease. Exosomes are highly enriched in tetraspanins (TSPNs) and syndecans (SDCs), the latter occurring mainly in proteolytically cleaved form, as membrane-spanning C-terminal fragments of the proteins. While both protein families are membrane scaffolds appreciated for their role in exosome formation, composition, and activity, we currently ignore whether these work together to control exosome biology. Here we show that TSPN6, a poorly characterized tetraspanin, acts as a negative regulator of exosome release, supporting the lysosomal degradation of SDC4 and syntenin. We demonstrate that TSPN6 tightly associates with SDC4, the SDC4-TSPN6 association dictating the association of TSPN6 with syntenin and the TSPN6-dependent lysosomal degradation of SDC4-syntenin. TSPN6 also inhibits the shedding of the SDC4 ectodomain, mimicking the effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Taken together, our data identify TSPN6 as a regulator of the trafficking and processing of SDC4 and highlight an important physical and functional interconnection between these membrane scaffolds for the production of exosomes. These findings clarify our understanding of the molecular determinants governing EV formation and have potentially broad impact for EV-related biomedicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.