SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2020
Whole-Fat or Reduced-Fat Dairy Product Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of resistance training in modulating inflammatory biomarkers among Asian patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of dairy products containingFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Association of cow's milk intake in early childhood with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- The Association Between Consumption of Foods/Food Groups and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Milk fat intake, adiposity, and obesity in Canadian children: findings from the prospective Canadian CHILD Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Low-fat dairy and yogurt intake are positively associated with general and abdominal obesity among Chinese children: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Review
- Regular-fat and low-fat dairy foods and cardiovascular diseases: perspectives for future dietary recommendations.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Review
- Dietary patterns among European children and their association with adiposity-related outcomes: a multi-country study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Dietary fat intakes, food sources, and tracking across early childhood: results from the Melbourne InFANT Program.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- Association of milk consumption with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a UK Biobank based large population cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of the droplet size of canola oil-in-water emulsions on the rheology and sensory acceptability of reduced-milk fat stirred yogurt.Journal of food science and technology · 2022Article
- The Role of Milk on Children's Weight Status: An Epidemiological Study among Preadolescents in Greece.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Assessing the Nutrient Status of Low Carbohydrate, High-Fat (LCHF) Meal Plans in Children: A Hypothetical Case Study Design.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Dairy intake and long-term body weight status in German children and adolescents: results from the DONALD study.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Probiotic dairy products and consumption preferences in terms of sweetness sensitivity and the occurrence of childhood obesity.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Cardiometabolic health benefits of dairy-milk polar lipids.Nutrition reviews · 2021Review
- Cow's milk fat and child adiposity: a prospective cohort study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- Age and time trends of dairy intake among children and adolescents of the DONALD study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dietary guidelines commonly recommend that children aged >2 y consume reduced-fat dairy products rather than regular- or whole-fat dairy. In adults, most studies have not found the consumption of whole-fat dairy products to be associated with increased cardiometabolic or adiposity risk. Associations in children could differ due to growth and development. We systematically reviewed the literature in indexed, peer-reviewed journals to summarize pediatric studies (children aged from 2 to 18 y) assessing associations between whole- and reduced-fat dairy intake and measures of adiposity as well as biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk, including the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and measures of glucose homeostasis. For the purposes of this review, a "whole-fat" dairy product was defined as a product with the natural fat content, whereas a "reduced-fat" dairy product was defined as a product with some or all of the fat removed (including "low-fat" and "skim" versions). A total of 29 journal articles met our criteria for inclusion. The majority were conducted in the United States and were prospective or cross-sectional observational studies, with only 1 randomized controlled trial. Studies were consistent in reporting that whole-fat dairy products were not associated with increased measures of weight gain or adiposity. Most evidence indicated that consumption of whole-fat dairy was not associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, although a change from whole-fat to reduced-fat dairy improved outcomes for some risk factors in 1 study. Taken as a whole, the limited literature in this field is not consistent with dietary guidelines recommending that children consume preferably reduced-fat dairy products. High-quality randomized controlled trials in children that directly compare the effects of whole-fat compared with reduced-fat dairy intake on measures of adiposity or biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk are needed to provide better quality evidence in this area.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.