SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2020
The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05391659 (E-CLAIR), which is not on this map. Cited by 110 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
E-CLAIR: Efficiency and Cost-effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Flanders
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic evaluation of AI-assisted technologies in healthcare: A systematic review.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2025Pooled it
- From bytes to bedside: a systematic review on the use and readiness of artificial intelligence in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.Intensive care medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence in Malnutrition: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Applications of artificial intelligence in the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Role of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Real-Life Clinical Practice: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Economic Value of Data and Analytics for Health Care Providers: Hermeneutic Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence-powered virtual standardized patients in teaching history-taking skills to medical students: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- AI for Health Care Quality and Patient Safety: Scoping Review of Diagnostic, Predictive, and Decision Support Applications.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Economic Factors Associated with AI Adoption in Oncology: Cost-Effectiveness Perceptions, Reimbursement Readiness, and Return-on-Investment Confidence Among Romanian Healthcare Professionals.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- AI-based disease severity grading predicts complications in laparoscopic appendectomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Value of AI in Critical Care Using Real-World Evidence on Intensive Care Unit Mortality Prediction: Cost-Utility Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Development and Deployment of DeepSeek-Based Applications in Healthcare: A Chinese Perspective.Health care science · 2026Article
- Shaping the Future of Men's Health: How AI Could Be a Transformative Tool for Better Patient Outcomes and Provider Efficiency.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Care: Selected Applications in Tuberculosis, Sepsis, and Antimicrobial Stewardship.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Bench to Bedside: The Path Toward Real-World Translation for Artificial Intelligence in Pancreatic Cancer Detection.Korean journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Emerging Urinary Biomarkers and Innovative Technologies for the Early Detection and Personalized Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Clinician-deployable deep hypergraph model integrating clinical and CT radiomics predicts immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Community-Based AI-Assisted Visual Impairment Screening Model for Performance, Operational Efficiency, Acceptability, Feasibility, and Costs: Protocol for a 2-Arm Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Characterizing patients who benefit from mature medical AI models in real-world clinical applications.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Health economic simulation modeling of an AI-enabled clinical decision support system for coronary revascularization.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPositive economic impact is a key decision factor in making the case for or against investing in an artificial intelligence (AI) solution in the health care industry. It is most relevant for the care provider and insurer as well as for the pharmaceutical and medical technology sectors. Although the broad economic impact of digital health solutions in general has been assessed many times in literature and the benefit for patients and society has also been analyzed, the specific economic impact of AI in health care has been addressed only sporadically.
objectiveThis study aimed to systematically review and summarize the cost-effectiveness studies dedicated to AI in health care and to assess whether they meet the established quality criteria.
methodsIn a first step, the quality criteria for economic impact studies were defined based on the established and adapted criteria schemes for cost impact assessments. In a second step, a systematic literature review based on qualitative and quantitative inclusion and exclusion criteria was conducted to identify relevant publications for an in-depth analysis of the economic impact assessment. In a final step, the quality of the identified economic impact studies was evaluated based on the defined quality criteria for cost-effectiveness studies.
resultsVery few publications have thoroughly addressed the economic impact assessment, and the economic assessment quality of the reviewed publications on AI shows severe methodological deficits. Only 6 out of 66 publications could be included in the second step of the analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Out of these 6 studies, none comprised a methodologically complete cost impact analysis. There are two areas for improvement in future studies. First, the initial investment and operational costs for the AI infrastructure and service need to be included. Second, alternatives to achieve similar impact must be evaluated to provide a comprehensive comparison.
conclusionsThis systematic literature analysis proved that the existing impact assessments show methodological deficits and that upcoming evaluations require more comprehensive economic analyses to enable economic decisions for or against implementing AI technology in health care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.