Evidence mapPaperPMID 32139384Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2020

Optimization of Metformin in the GRADE Cohort: Effect on Glycemia and Body Weight.

William I Sivitz, Lawrence S Phillips, Deborah J Wexler, Stephen P Fortmann, Anne W Camp, Margaret Tiktin, Magalys Perez, Jacqueline Craig, Priscilla A Hollander, Andrea Cherrington and 7 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01794143. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01794143 phase3completed

Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study

Ran2013Enrolled7,850Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsComparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications, Type 2 DiabetesArmsDPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide), Insulin (glargine), Sulfonylurea (glimepiride)
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Current Options and Future Directions for NAFLD and NASH Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  9. Should metformin remain the first-line therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes?Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.

William I SivitzUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, IA grademail@bsc.gwu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7829-0189
Lawrence S PhillipsAtlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA.
Deborah J WexlerDiabetes Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0001-6979-402X
Stephen P FortmannKaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR.
Anne W CampFair Haven Community Health Care, New Haven, CT.
Margaret TiktinCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Magalys PerezFair Haven Community Health Care, New Haven, CT.
Jacqueline CraigUniversity of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
Priscilla A HollanderBaylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX.ORCID 0000-0003-2072-632X
Andrea CherringtonUniversity of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.
Vanita R ArodaMedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-7706-4585
Meng Hee TanUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Jonathan KrakoffSouthwestern American Indian Center, Phoenix, AZ.
Neda RasouliUniversity of Colorado, Denver, CO.
Nicole M ButeraDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
Naji YounesDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
GRADE Research Group
Fair Haven Community Health Center · USCase Western Reserve University · USHarvard University · USMilken Institute · USAmerican Indian Center · USBaylor University · USEmory University · USKaiser Permanente · USMedStar Health · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Cincinnati · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USUniversity of Iowa · USUniversity of Michigan · US

Funding

Continuation of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) StudyU01DK098246 · NIDDK · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, JOHN M LACHIN · 2021 to 2022
$21.0M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 1986 to 2025
$12.6M
Yale Diabetes Research CenterP30DK045735 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 1993 to 2025
$10.2M
Pilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK124723 · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2025 to 2025
$1.6M
UAB Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2025 to 2025
$1.3M
Proteomics CoreP30DK123704 · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · 2025 to 2025
$1.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002548NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK045735NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK123704NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK124723NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK098246NIDDK NIH HHS U34 DK088043
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe evaluated the effect of optimizing metformin dosing on glycemia and body weight in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThis was a prespecified analysis of 6,823 participants in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) taking metformin as the sole glucose-lowering drug who completed a 4- to 14-week (mean ± SD 7.9 ± 2.4) run-in in which metformin was adjusted to 2,000 mg/day or a maximally tolerated lower dose. Participants had type 2 diabetes for <10 years and an HbA

resultsAdjusted for duration of run-in, the mean ± SD change in HbA

conclusionsOptimizing metformin to 2,000 mg/day or a maximally tolerated lower dose combined with emphasis on medication adherence and lifestyle can improve glycemia in type 2 diabetes and HbA

Indexed as

AdultAgedBlood GlucoseBody WeightCalibrationComparative Effectiveness ResearchDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinLiraglutideMaleBlood GlucoseglimepirideGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinLiraglutideMetforminSitagliptin PhosphateSulfonylurea Compounds

Identifiers

PMID32139384
PMCPMC7171946
OpenAlexW3010239229

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.