ReviewBiology of sex differences2020
Obesity: sex and sympathetics.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sympathetic activation links light exposure and rest-activity rhythm to liver injury and bile acid dysregulation.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-specific relationships between bone mineral density, abdominal fat, and paravertebral muscle.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypothalamic Gliosis Is Associated With Multiple Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Leptin and Associated Neural Pathways Underlying Obesity-Induced Hypertension.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- Neural and hormonal mechanisms of appetite regulation during eating.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Sex differences in the sensitization of prenatally programmed hypertension.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between fat tissue and muscle, brain, liver, and heart in obesity: cellular and molecular perspectives.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Probiotic and high-fat diet: effects on pain assessment, body composition, and cytokines in male and female adolescent and adult rats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Article
- Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Brain Metabolome Is Modified by Obesity in a Sex-Dependent Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Adiposity indices and their higher predictive value for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy young women: findings from a population-based prospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Role of Leptin in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Leptin Increases: Physiological Roles in the Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity, Energy Balance, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy: an evaluation of maximum values in pathological indicators to discriminate "diseased" from "normal".Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Visceral fat and attribute-based medicine in chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Selenium in Bodily Homeostasis: Hypothalamus, Hormones, and Highways of Communication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in Adiposity and Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Hemodynamic Response to Hyperinsulinemia-Implications for Obesity and Insulin Resistance.Current diabetes reports · 2022Review
- Loss of the Protective Effect of Estrogen Contributes to Maternal Gestational Hypertension-Induced Hypertensive Response Sensitization Elicited by Postweaning High-Fat Diet in Female Offspring.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- The sympathies of the body: functional organization and neuronal differentiation in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.Cell and tissue research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in men, but not women. Here, we review current evidence suggesting that sexually dimorphic sympathoexcitatory responses to leptin and insulin may contribute. More specifically, while insulin increases SNA similarly in lean males and females, this response is markedly amplified in obese males, but is abolished in obese females. In lean female rats, leptin increases a subset of sympathetic nerves only during the high estrogen proestrus reproductive phase; thus, in obese females, because reproductive cycling can become impaired, the sporadic nature of leptin-induced sympathoexcitaton could minimize its action, despite elevated leptin levels. In contrast, in males, obesity preserves or enhances the central sympathoexcitatory response to leptin, and current evidence favors leptin's contribution to the well-established increases in SNA induced by obesity in men. Leptin and insulin increase SNA via receptor binding in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and a neuropathway that includes arcuate neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) projections to the paraventricular nucleus. These metabolic hormones normally suppress sympathoinhibitory NPY neurons and activate sympathoexcitatory POMC neurons. However, obesity appears to alter the ongoing activity and responsiveness of arcuate NPY and POMC neurons in a sexually dimorphic way, such that SNA increases in males but not females. We propose hypotheses to explain these sex differences and suggest areas of future research.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.