SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2020
Farm to School Activities and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews of School-Based Nutrition Interventions to Determine Outcomes Used and Their Measurement Tools.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of multi-component school food environment interventions on adiposity and food consumption in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of a School-Based Gardening, Cooking, Nutrition Intervention on Diet Intake and Quality: The TX Sprouts Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Article
- A recipe for a disaster: food, climate change, and cancer.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Review
- Availability and Implementation Characteristics of Nutrition Health Promotion Interventions in Quebec Elementary Schools.The Journal of school health · 2025Article
- System Mapping of Farm-to-School Partnerships to Enhance Student Access to Healthy, Local Foods.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Student and school characteristics modify the impact of SNAP-Ed on student dietary and physical activity outcomes.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Nourishing Farm to School Practice With Data to Inform Program Needs: An Evaluation of Participation Among California Public Districts During the 2018-2019 School Year.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Enhancing Adolescent Food Literacy Through Mediterranean Diet Principles: From Evidence to Practice.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Factors and Outcomes Associated With Using Scratch-Cooked, Organic, and Locally Grown Foods in School Meals in California.The Journal of school health · 2025Article
- Impacts of farm to school on children's perception of food.Food, nutrition and health (Singapore) · 2025Article
- Interventions to Strengthen Environmental Sustainability of School Food Systems: Narrative Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Considering tradeoffs in "local" food policies: examples from school feeding programmes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The effects of a non-school setting on quantity and quality of biology knowledge of primary students-A pilot study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evaluating OzHarvest's primary-school Food Education and Sustainability Training (FEAST) program in 10-12-year-old children in Australia: protocol for a pragmatic cluster non-randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Development and Pilot Testing of a Food Literacy Curriculum for High School-Aged Adolescents.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Farm to Early Care and Education Programming: A Descriptive Study of Challenges and Opportunities to Promote Healthful Foods to Young Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Healthy Planet, Healthy Youth: A Food Systems Education and Promotion Intervention to Improve Adolescent Diet Quality and Reduce Food Waste.Nutrients · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Farm to school programs (F2SPs) operate in 42% of school districts and are supported in part through federal and state policies as well as philanthropic funding. Although research evaluating the effects of farm to school-related activities on student outcomes is growing, a systematic review of the results and thus a synthesis of implications for future programming have not occurred. The primary objective of this systematic literature review is to summarize and evaluate studies on student outcomes associated with farm to school-related activities up to 1 September, 2017. Four databases spanning 4 research disciplines were used to identify full-text, English-language studies. Twenty-one studies were reviewed: 7 explicitly investigated F2SPs, and 14 evaluated the impact of school-based interventions that were relevant to activities reported in the 2013 and/or 2015 Farm to School Census. All of the F2SP studies (n = 7) and 85.7% of farm to school-related activity studies (n = 12) were multicomponent, and there was a wide variety of implemented intervention components across the reviewed studies. Results from F2SP and farm to school-related activity studies consistently show positive impacts on food and nutrition-related knowledge; most studies also suggest a positive relation between farm to school-related activities and healthy food selection during school meals, nutrition self-efficacy, and willingness to try fruits and vegetables. The impact of farm to school activities on fruit and vegetable consumption and preferences is unclear. The most common F2SP study limitations were study designs that preclude causal inference, outcome measurement with no reported or limited psychometric testing, lack of long-term outcome evaluation, and challenges related to quantifying intervention implementation. These findings underscore the need for more conclusive evidence on the relation between farm to school-related activities and changes in fruit and vegetable consumption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.