ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2020
Annatto-Derived Tocotrienol Promotes Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells by Enhancing BMP-2 Protein Expression via Inhibiting RhoA Activation and HMG-CoA Reductase Gene Expression.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Modulation of tocotrienol's bone effects by osteocytes: a perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Potential Therapeutic Applications of Natural Products in the Oxidative Stress-Related MVA Pathway: Focus on HMGCR.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of vitamins in the development and treatment of osteoporosis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Insights into the bone morphogenetic protein signaling in musculoskeletal disorders: Mechanisms and crosstalk.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Article
- Updates in the skeletal and joint protective effects of tocotrienol: a mini review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Role of vitamins beyond vitamin DInternational journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Prospective and challenges of locally applied repurposed pharmaceuticals for periodontal tissue regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol, Delta-Tocotrienol and Gamma-Tocotrienol on Chondrosarcoma Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Phosvitin phosphopeptides produced by pressurized hea-trypsin hydrolysis promote the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells via the OPG/RANKL signaling pathways.Poultry science · 2021Article
- OGT-Mediated KEAP1 Glycosylation Accelerates NRF2 Degradation Leading to High Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Palmatine as an Agent Against Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Review
- Effects of Calcium and Annatto Tocotrienol Supplementation on Bone Loss Induced by Pantoprazole in Male Rats.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnnatto-derived tocotrienol (AnTT) has been shown to improve bone formation in animal models of osteoporosis and promote differentiation of pre-osteoblastic cells. However, the mechanism of action of AnTT in achieving these effects is unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of AnTT on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts via the mevalonate pathway.
methodsMurine pre-osteoblastic cells, MC3T3-E1, were cultured with the density of 1 × 10
resultsThe results showed that HMGR was up-regulated in the lovastatin group on day 9 and 21 compared to the control. Lovastatin also inhibited RhoA activation (day 9 and 15) and increased BMP-2 protein (day 15). On the other hand, AnTT at 0.001 μg/mL (day 3) and 0.1 μg/mL (day 21) significantly down-regulated HMGR gene expression compared to the control. On day 21, HMGR gene expression was significantly reduced in all groups compared to day 15. AnTT at 0.1 μg/mL significantly decreased RhoA activation on day 9 compared to the control. AnTT at 1 μg/mL significantly increased BMP-2 protein on day 15 compared to the control (P<0.05). Mineralized calcium nodules were more abundant in AnTT treated groups compared to the control on day 21.
conclusionAnTT suppresses the mevalonate pathway by downregulating HMGR gene expression and inhibiting RhoA activation, leading to increased BMP-2 protein in MC3T3-E1 cells. This explains the stimulating effects of AnTT on osteoblast mineralization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.