ReviewMediterranean journal of rheumatology2019
Cerebrovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Diagnosis and Management.
Review in Mediterranean journal of rheumatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-stroke rehabilitation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: outcome measures, digital tools, and patient education perspectives.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Stroke in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke among Young Filipino Adults.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Antinuclear antibodies as a risk factor for ischemic stroke or death in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation despite anticoagulation.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Recurrent Ischemic Strokes in a Young Female: An Atypical Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Role of Cardiolipin in Brain Bioenergetics, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's disease.Autoimmunity reviews · 2025Review
- Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient with Pancytopenia and Chronic Schizophrenia Requiring Hospitalisation.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- The immunological mechanisms linking systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Deciphering Mechanisms, Prevention Strategies, Management Plans, Medications, and Research Techniques for Strokes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Multiple Faces of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pearls and Pitfalls for Diagnosis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Pragmatic targets for moderate/severe SLE and their implications for clinical care and trial design: sustained DORIS or LLDAS for at least 6 months is sufficient while their attainment for at least 24 months ensures high specificity for damage-free progression.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Article
- Implications of Inflammatory Processes on a Developing Central Nervous System in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Article
- Recurrent left ischemic stroke in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Transient Ischemic Attack, the Initial Presentation of Azygos to Pulmonary Vein Fistula.JACC. Case reports · 2023Article
- New-onset acute psychosis as a manifestation of lupus cerebritis following concomitant COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a rare case report.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and disability in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with SLE have a two-fold increase in the risk of stroke with younger patients (ie, less than 50 years of age) having an ever-higher risk (up to 10-fold). Although the prognosis of SLE has improved, mortality due to cerebrovascular events (CVE) remains unchanged. Cerebrovascular disease may be directly attributed to the disease per se, as a manifestation of neuropsychiatric SLE, or be the result of traditional cardiovascular risk factors accompanying the disease. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism(s) of CVE is essential as it may guide the type of therapy (ie, antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy versus immunosuppressive). Strokes attributed to lupus usually occur early in the course of the disease and are often accompanied by evidence of activity in other organs; those related to antiphospholipid antibodies can occur at any time, in patients with either active or inactive SLE. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, work-up, management and primary prevention of CVE in patients with lupus. In view of the effectiveness of thrombolysis, physicians need to educate lupus patients and their families for the early recognition of the signs of stroke and the need to seek prompt attention. To this end acronyms, such as FAST (Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties and Time to call emergency service) can be used as a mnemonic to help detect and enhance responsiveness to the needs of a person having a stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.