ArticleAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications2020
Generating linear oxygen gradients across 3D cell cultures with block-layered oxygen controlled chips (BLOCCs).
Article in Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissecting Cancer Metabolism and Therapeutic Resistance Using In Vitro Platforms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Applications of Spheroids in Cancer Biology.Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) · 2025Review
- A three-zone hypoxia chamber capable of regulating unique oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures simultaneously.HardwareX · 2024Article
- Continuous flow delivery system for the perfusion of scaffold-based 3D cultures.Lab on a chip · 2024Article
- Scaffold-based 3D cell culture models in cancer research.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- Oxygen gradient generator to improveFrontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Biosensors to Monitor Cell Activity in 3D Hydrogel-Based Tissue Models.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Engineering Tools for Regulating Hypoxia in Tumour Models.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Gradient Hydrogels.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2021Article
- Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment of Post-infarct Myocardium on a Chip.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oxygen is a transcriptional regulator responsible for tissue homeostasis and maintenance. Studies relating cellular phenotype with oxygen tension often use hypoxia chambers, which expose cells to a single, static oxygen tension. Despite their ease of use, these chambers are unable to replicate the oxygen gradients found in healthy and diseased tissues. Microfabricated devices capable of imposing an oxygen gradient across tissue-like structures are a promising tool for these studies, as they can provide a high density of information in a single experimental setup. We describe the fabrication and characterization of a modular device, which leverages the gas-permeability of silicone to impose gradients of oxygen across cell-containing regions, assembled by layering sheets of laser cut acrylic and silicone rubber. The silicone also acts as a barrier, separating the flowing gases from the cell culture medium, preventing evaporation or bubble formation in experiments that require prolonged periods of incubation. The acrylic components provide a rigid framework to provide a sterile culture environment. Using oxygen-sensing films, we show the device can support gradients of different ranges and steepness by simply changing the composition of the gases flowing through the silicone components of the BLOCC. Using a cell-based reporter assay, we demonstrate that cellular responses to hypoxia are proportional to oxygen tension.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.