Trial reportBMJ global health2020
Seasonal variation in the non-specific effects of BCG vaccination on neonatal mortality: three randomised controlled trials in Guinea-Bissau.
Trial report in BMJ global health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of neonatal BCG vaccination on in vitro cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum.BMC immunology · 2024Trial
- Iron Deficiency Anemia at Time of Vaccination Predicts Decreased Vaccine Response and Iron Supplementation at Time of Vaccination Increases Humoral Vaccine Response: A Birth Cohort Study and a Randomized Trial Follow-Up Study in Kenyan Infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of BCG Disease in Chinese Children: a Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Malaria and tuberculosis co-infection-a review.Oxford open immunology · 2023Review
- A place for neutrophils in the beneficial pathogen-agnostic effects of the BCG vaccine.Vaccine · 2022Article
- A narrative review of nonspecific effects of pediatric vaccines on child mortality and morbidity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Old vaccines for new infections: Exploiting innate immunity to control COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Lessons from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Harnessing Trained Immunity for Vaccine Development.Cells · 2020Review
- Making sense of emerging evidence on the non-specific effects of the BCG vaccine on malaria risk and neonatal mortality.BMJ global health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The BCG vaccine protects non-specifically against other diseases than tuberculosis. Three randomised controlled trials of early BCG in Guinea-Bissau found a 38% reduction in all-cause neonatal mortality. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In Guinea-Bissau, prevalent infectious diseases display distinct seasonality. Revisiting the three trials (>6500 infants) comparing early BCG versus no early BCG in low weight infants on all-cause neonatal mortality over 12 consecutive years, we explored the seasonal variation in BCG's effect on mortality. In a subgroup of participants, adaptive and innate cytokine responses were measured 4 weeks after randomisation. Consistently over the course of the three trials and 12 years, the effect of BCG on all-cause neonatal mortality was particularly beneficial when administered in November to January, coincident with peaking malaria infections. During these months, BCG was also associated with stronger proinflammatory responses to heterologous challenge. Recent studies have suggested a protective effect of BCG against malaria. BCG may also ameliorate immune-compromising fatal effects of placental malaria in the newborn.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.