ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2020
Alarmins in Osteoporosis, RAGE, IL-1, and IL-33 Pathways: A Literature Review.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lidocaine inhibits osteoclast activity in vitro.Bone reports · 2026Article
- Dorsal Root Ganglion-Targeted DNA Origami Delivery of IL1RN for Skeletal Growth and Repair.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Targets and Potential Mechanisms of PEEK-Induced Bone Resorption.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond Inflammation: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Gut-Skin Axis Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Skin Disorders and Potential Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Osteoporosis in Severe Asthmatic Patients: Data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) Registry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoporosis as Prototypes of Immunosenescence in Osteoimmunology: Molecular Pathways of Inflammaging and Targeted Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Expression and significance of cytokines in peripheral blood and bone microenvironment in Kummell's disease, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and nonosteoporotic patients.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- PRKD2 as a novel target for targeting the diabetes-osteoporosis nexus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mast Cells at the Crossroads of Hypersensitivity Reactions and Neurogenic Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Olink and gut microbial metabolomics reveal new biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of PMOP.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2024Review
- Structure and Functions of HMGB3 Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring Natural Killer Cell Testing in Embryo Implantation and Reproductive Failure: An Overview of Techniques and Controversies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Global Publication Trends and Research Hotspots of the Immune System and Osteoporosis: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis from 2012 to 2022.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Article
- Unveiling the multifaceted antitumor effects of interleukin 33.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies Abnormal lncRNAs and mRNAs and Reveals Potentially Hub Immune-Related mRNA in Osteoporosis with Vertebral Fracture.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Article
- S100 proteins in cardiovascular diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Review
- Structure and Functions of HMGB2 Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- New Insights into the Role of HMGB2 in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous mediators released by cells following insults or cell death to alert the host's innate immune system of a situation of danger or harm. Many of these, such as high-mobility group box-1 and 2 (HMGB1, HMGB2) and S100 (calgranulin proteins), act through RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), whereas the IL-1 and IL-33 cytokines bind the IL-1 receptors type I and II, and the cellular receptor ST2, respectively. The alarmin family and their signal pathways share many similarities of cellular and tissue localization, functions, and involvement in various physiological processes and inflammatory diseases including osteoporosis. The aim of the review was to evaluate the role of alarmins in osteoporosis. A bibliographic search of the published scientific literature regarding the role of alarmins in osteoporosis was organized independently by two researchers in the following scientific databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords used were combined as follows: "alarmins and osteoporosis", "RAGE and osteoporosis", "HMGB1 and osteoporosis", "IL-1 and osteoporosis", "IL 33 and osteopororsis", "S100s protein and osteoporosis". The information was summarized and organized in the present review. We highlight the emerging roles of alarmins in various bone remodeling processes involved in the onset and development of osteoporosis, as well as their potential role as biomarkers of osteoporosis severity and progression. Findings of the research suggest a potential use of alarmins as pharmacological targets in future therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing bone loss and fragility fractures induced by aging and inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.