Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32267058›Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2020

Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: The PIONEER programme.

Tina K Thethi, Richard Pratley, Juris J Meier

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. The expanding role of semaglutide: beyond glycemic control.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025
    Review

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Tina K ThethiAdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6140-906X
Richard PratleyAdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2912-1389
Juris J MeierDiabetes Centre Bochum-Hattingen, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5835-8019
Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes · USSt. Josef-Hospital · DE

Funding

Novo Nordisk
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are recommended for glycaemic management in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Oral semaglutide, the first oral GLP-1RA, has recently been approved for clinical use, based on the results of the randomized, Phase 3a Peptide InnOvatioN for Early diabEtes tReatment (PIONEER) clinical trials. The PIONEER programme tested oral semaglutide in patients with T2D of duration ranging from 3.5 to 15 years, from monotherapy through to insulin add-on, in global populations and two trials dedicated to Japanese patients. Outcomes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and body weight reduction, plus other relevant efficacy and safety endpoints) were tested against both placebo and active standard-of-care medications. A separate trial evaluated the cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk. Over periods of treatment up to 78 weeks, oral semaglutide 7 and 14 mg once daily reduced HbA1c and body weight across the spectrum of T2D, and improved other diabetes-related endpoints, such as fasting plasma glucose. Oral semaglutide provided significantly better efficacy than placebo and commonly used glucose-lowering medications from the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) classes, as well as the subcutaneous GLP-1RAs liraglutide and dulaglutide. Oral semaglutide was well tolerated in line with the known safety profile of GLP-1RAs, with transient gastrointestinal events being the most common side effects reported. Cardiovascular safety was demonstrated for oral semaglutide in patients with cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk. The results of the PIONEER programme suggest that oral semaglutide is efficacious and well tolerated for glycaemic control of T2D. The availability of oral semaglutide may help to broaden treatment choice and facilitate adoption of earlier GLP-1RA treatment in the paradigm of T2D management.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideSemaglutideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideSemaglutidecardiovascular diseaseclinical trialGLP-1 analoguePhase 3 studytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID32267058
PMCPMC7384149
OpenAlexW3014953461

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.