ReviewBMJ open diabetes research & care2020
Eye care providers' emerging roles in early detection of diabetes and management of diabetic changes to the ocular surface: a review.
Review in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tear function in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- The Association of Central Corneal Thickness and Central Corneal Epithelial Thickness with Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Alterations of the ocular surface during diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Alterations in Tear Proteomes of Adults with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Without Diabetic Retinopathy.Proteomes · 2025Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dropout in Diabetic Patients with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Corneal Epithelial Changes in Diabetic Patients: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Diabetic Keratopathy: Redox Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Changes in tear glucose and insulin concentrations following an oral glucose tolerance test.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2023Article
- Targeting the Gut-Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- An Online Questionnaire-Based Survey of 1076 Individuals in Poland to Identify the Prevalence of Ophthalmic Symptoms in Autumn 2022.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Ocular surface microbiome in diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Systemic diseases and the cornea.Experimental eye research · 2021Review
- Chronic Microvascular Complications in Prediabetic States-An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- The Relationship Between Corneal Nerve Density and Hemoglobin A1c in Patients With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Importance of the Use of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Inflammatory Profile in Aqueous and Vitreous Humor in Diabetic Retinopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
US adults visit eye care providers more often than primary healthcare providers, placing these doctors in a prime position to help identify and manage patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Currently, diabetes is identified in eye clinics in an advanced stage, only after visible signs of diabetic retinopathy. Recent ophthalmic research has identified multiple subclinical and clinical changes that occur in the anterior segment of the eye with metabolic disease. The corneal epithelium exhibits increased defects and poor healing, including an increased risk of neurotrophic keratitis. Increased thickness and stiffness of the cornea artificially alters intraocular pressure. There is damage to the endothelial cells and changes to the bacterial species on the ocular surface, both of which can increase risk of complications with surgery. Decreased corneal sensitivity due to a loss of nerve density predispose patients with metabolic disease to further neurotrophic complications. Patients with diabetes have increased Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis and reduced tear production, resulting in increased rates of dry eye disease and discomfort. Early detection of metabolic disease may allow eye care providers to be more proactive in recommending referral and intervention in order to reduce the risk of blindness and other diabetes-related morbidity. Continued research is needed to better understand the time course of changes to the anterior segment and what can be done to better detect and diagnose patients with prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes and provide improved care for these patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.