ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2020
The IL-33/ST2 Axis in Immune Responses Against Parasitic Disease: Potential Therapeutic Applications.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting IL-33 in Precision Neuroimmunology: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for CNS Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Association of interleukin-33 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Factors associated with circulating levels of IL-17A in a high HIV-burden population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond inhaled medications: precision medicine and biologic therapies targeting the IL-33/TSLP/type 2 axis in COPD.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Probiotics and human health: biological activities, nutritional aspects, immunomodulatory properties, applications, and future perspectives - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Efferocytosis-related gene IL33 predicts prognosis and immune response and mediates proliferation and migrationFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Striking Cellular Heterogeneity of Lung-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells during Eosinophilic versus Neutrophilic Allergic Airway Inflammation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Glia Maturation Factor Beta: A Novel Neuro-Impairment Prediction Factor in Toxoplasmosis.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Critical and diverse role of alarmin cytokines in parasitic infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Regulatory Functions of Hypoxia in Host-Parasite Interactions: A Focus on Enteric, Tissue, and Blood Protozoa.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Emerging Effects of IL-33 on COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Interleukin-33 deficiency prevents biliary injuries and repairments caused by Clonorchis sinensis via restraining type 2 cytokines.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Adenosine metabolized from extracellular ATP promotes type 2 immunity through triggering ACell reports · 2022Article
- Types of necroinflammation, the effect of cell death modalities on sterile inflammation.Cell death & disease · 2022Review
- An imbalance of the IL-33/ST2-AXL-efferocytosis axis induces pregnancy loss through metabolic reprogramming of decidual macrophages.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- IL-33 and the PKA Pathway Regulate ILC2 Populations Expressing IL-9 and ST2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- IL-33 genetics and epigenetics in immune-related diseases.Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA · 2021Article
- IL-33 as a Novel Serum Prognostic Marker of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- The Road Less Traveled? Unconventional Protein Secretion at Parasite-Host Interfaces.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Parasitic infections pose a wide and varying threat globally, impacting over 25% of the global population with many more at risk of infection. These infections are comprised of, but not limited to, toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmaniasis and any one of a wide variety of helminthic infections. While a great deal is understood about the adaptive immune response to each of these parasites, there remains a need to further elucidate the early innate immune response. Interleukin-33 is being revealed as one of the earliest players in the cytokine milieu responding to parasitic invasion, and as such has been given the name "alarmin." A nuclear cytokine, interleukin-33 is housed primarily within epithelial and fibroblastic tissues and is released upon cellular damage or death. Evidence has shown that interleukin-33 seems to play a crucial role in priming the immune system toward a strong T helper type 2 immune response, necessary in the clearance of some parasites, while disease exacerbating in the context of others. With the possibility of being a double-edged sword, a great deal remains to be seen in how interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 are involved in the immune response different parasites elicit, and how those parasites may manipulate or evade this host mechanism. In this review article we compile the current cutting-edge research into the interleukin-33 response to toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmania, and helminthic infection. Furthermore, we provide insight into directions interleukin-33 research may take in the future, potential immunotherapeutic applications of interleukin-33 modulation and how a better clarity of early innate immune system responses involving interleukin-33/ST2 signaling may be applied in development of much needed treatment options against parasitic invaders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.