ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2020
Assessing Urinary Metabolomics in Giant Pandas Using Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Pregnancy-Related Changes in the Metabolome.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Metabolome of Captive Male Malayan Pangolins with Normal and Abnormal Reproduction.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Non-invasive giant panda pregnancy and pseudopregnancy biomonitoring by integrated metabolomics and steroidomics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biochemical Characteristics of Urine Metabolomics in Female Giant Pandas at Different Estrous Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Biological characteristics of pregnancy in captive Yangtze finless porpoises revealed by urinary metabolomics†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Abnormal expression of natural mating behaviour of captive adult giant pandas is related to physiological stress.Conservation physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Altered rumen microbiome and correlations of the metabolome in heat-stressed dairy cows at different growth stages.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Age-related alterations in metabolome and microbiome provide insights in dietary transition in giant pandas.mSystems · 2023Article
- Untargeted metabolomics of the cochleae from two laryngeally echolocating bats.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Correlation analysis of serum reproductive hormones and metabolites during multiple ovulation in sheep.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Combined urine metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses reveals physiological mechanism underlying decline in natural mating behavior of captive giant pandas.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giant pandas represent one of the most endangered species worldwide, and their reproductive capacity is extremely low. They have a relatively long gestational period, mainly because embryo implantation is delayed. Giant panda cubs comprise only a small proportion of the mother's body weight, making it difficult to determine whether a giant panda is pregnant. Timely determination of pregnancy contributes to the efficient breeding and management of giant pandas. Meanwhile, metabolomics studies the metabolic composition of biological samples, which can reflect metabolic functions in cells, tissues, and organisms. This work explored the urinary metabolites of giant pandas during pregnancy. A sample of 8 female pandas was selected. Differences in metabolite levels in giant panda urine samples were analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry comparing pregnancy to anoestrus. Pattern recognition techniques, including partial least squares-discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, were used to analyze multiple parameters of the data. Compared with the results during anoestrus, multivariate statistical analysis of results obtained from the same pandas being pregnant identified 16 differential metabolites in the positive-ion mode and 43 differential metabolites in the negative-ion mode. The levels of tryptophan, choline, kynurenic acid, uric acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, taurine, and betaine were higher in samples during pregnancy, whereas those of xanthurenic acid and S-adenosylhomocysteine were lower. Amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and organic acid production differed significantly between anoestrus and pregnancy. Our results provide new insights into metabolic changes in the urine of giant pandas during pregnancy, and the differential levels of metabolites in urine provide a basis for determining pregnancy in giant pandas. Understanding these metabolic changes could be helpful for managing pregnant pandas to provide proper nutrients to their fetuses.
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