ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2021
Anti-inflammatory Action of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease: the Role of Inflammasome and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 351 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized head-to-head trials.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- The Effects of Statin Therapy on Circulating Levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Statins on Superoxide Dismutase Level: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Phytosterols on Serum Levels of C-Reactive Protein: A Time- and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Statin Therapy on Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Statin therapy in chronic viral hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies with 195,602 participants.Annals of medicine · 2021Pooled it
- In-hospital use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2021Pooled it
- Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Taoren Honghua Jian Regulate NLRP3 Inflammasome of Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Trial
- Geranylgeranylation is required for B-cell proliferation and plasma cell survival implications for autoimmune therapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Potential protective associations of antidiabetic and lipid-lowering therapies with retinal vein occlusion risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Statin Initiation and Mortality After Colorectal Cancer Treatment.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cytokine-Driven Hyperinflammation in Long COVID: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Complement Dysregulation, and Emerging Immunotherapies-A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of phytochemical compounds in cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- The Statin Floor Effect: a Mechanistic Framework for Residual Cardiovascular Risk.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- A Four-Channel Microfluidic Vascular-Wall Chip for Modeling Early Atherosclerosis-Related Endothelial Dysfunction and Evaluating Combined Anti-Inflammatory Treatment.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Mechanistic interactions between curcumin and statins: pharmacological convergence and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming-Driven Cardiovascular Immune Damage: From Glyco-Lipotoxicity and Epigenetic Memory to Multidimensional Cross-Organ Communication Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Brain, benefit, or burden? Revisiting statins and cognitive function in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Review
- The Bacterial, Viral, and Microbiome Contributions in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Review
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in which activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is implicated. One of the most effective treatments for atherosclerosis is the use of statin medications. Recent studies have indicated that statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, exert inhibitory and/or stimulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLRs. Some of the statins lead to activation of the inflammasome and subsequently cause secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Thus, these actions may further aggravate the disease. On the other hand, some statins cause inhibition of the inflammasome or TLRs and along with lipid-lowering, help to improve the disease by reducing inflammation. In this article, we discuss these contradictory studies and the mechanisms of action of statins on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR pathways. The dose-dependent effects of statins on the NLRP3 complex are related to their chemistry, pharmacokinetic properties, and danger signals. Lipophilic statins have more pleiotropic effects on the NLRP3 complex in comparison to hydrophilic statins. Statins can suppress TLR4/MyD88/NF-ĸB signaling and cause an immune response shift to an anti-inflammatory response. Furthermore, statins inhibit the NF-ĸB pathway by decreasing the expression of TLRs 2 and 4. Statins are cost-effective drugs, which should have a continued future in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to both their immune-modulating and lipid-lowering effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.