ReviewDer Radiologe2020
[General fracture principles and imaging characteristics].
Review in Der Radiologe, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the process of fracture healing, two different types (direct and indirect) are observed, which can be distinguished by radiologic imaging. If a fracture insufficiently consolidates without further treatment, regardless of the duration of prior treatment, it is referred to as a "non-union". This occurs in about 10% of long bone fractures.
aimThe aim of this article is to provide an overview of the classification of fractures, an explanation of fracture healing and non-unions as well as their radiologic characteristics.
methodsThe diagnosis of fractures is based on physical examination and x‑ray with a minimum of two planes. If a soft tissue defect or complex fracture is suspected, a CT or MRI should be considered. For the treatment of non-unions, it might be helpful to expand the diagnostics to a CEUS (contrast-enhanced ultrasound) or DCE-MRI (dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging).
conclusionNon-unions represent a severe limitation for the patient's quality of life and are often associated with a long period of suffering. In recent years, CEUS has been shown to be a useful and precise method for the diagnosis and assessment of non-unions and as a surrogate parameter for fracture consolidation.
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