Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32422280›Full record

ReviewEnvironmental toxicology and pharmacology2020

Two important controversial risk factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Obesity and smoking.

Ayse Basak Engin, Evren Doruk Engin, Atilla Engin

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Lifestyle and Dietary Habits Change Before and During Quarantine and Subsequent Weight Gain.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Obesity and Coronavirus Disease 2019.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2022
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ayse Basak EnginGazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: abengin@gmail.com.
Evren Doruk EnginAnkara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gumusdere Campus, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
Atilla EnginGazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of obesity and smoking in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remain controversial. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is the human cell receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. ACE2 expression increases on lung alveolar epithelial cells and adipose tissue due to obesity, smoking and air pollution. A significant relationship exists between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection, as more severe COVID-19 symptoms occur in smokers; comorbid conditions due to obesity or excess ectopic fat accumulation as underlying risk factors for severe COVID-19 strongly encourage the virus/ACE2 receptor-ligand interaction concept. Indeed, obesity, air pollution and smoking associated risk factors share underlying pathophysiologies that are related to the Renin-Angiotensin-System in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this review is to emphasize the mechanism of receptor-ligand interaction and its impact on the enhanced risk of death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Indexed as

Risk FactorsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Coronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19HumansObesityPandemicsPeptidyl-Dipeptidase APneumonia, ViralRenin-Angiotensin SystemTobacco SmokingACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Peptidyl-Dipeptidase AAir pollutionAngiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitorsAngiotensin IICOVID-19ObesitySmoking

Identifiers

PMID32422280
PMCPMC7227557

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.