ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2020
Proinsulin to insulin ratio is associated with incident type 2 diabetes but not with vascular complications in the KORA F4/FF4 study.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Improved detection of decreased glucose handling capacities via continuous glucose monitoring-derived indices.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Machine Learning and Augmented Intelligence Enables Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Prior to Clinical Manifestation.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Pancreatic beta-cell IL-22 receptor deficiency induces age-dependent dysregulation of insulin biosynthesis and systemic glucose homeostasis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Moderate-intensity endurance training improves late phase β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes.iScience · 2023Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Its Role in Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Senescence in Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Association of renin and aldosterone with glucose metabolism in a Western European population: the KORA F4/FF4 study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Prominent Hyperproinsulinemia in a Middle Age Patient.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2021Article
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12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
introductionWe investigated the association of the proinsulin to insulin ratio (PIR) with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), components of the metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006-2008)/FF4 study (2013-2014). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe analyses included 1514 participants of the KORA F4 study at baseline and 1132 participants of the KORA FF4 study after a median follow-up time of 6.6 years. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality as well as cardiovascular events were analyzed after a median time of 9.1 and 8.6 years, respectively. The association of PIR with T2D, renal and cardiovascular characteristics and mortality were assessed using logistic regression models. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of PIR with components of the metabolic syndrome.
resultsAfter adjustment for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity, PIR was associated with prevalent (OR: 2.24; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.77; p<0.001) and incident T2D (OR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.17; p<0.001). PIR was associated with fasting glucose (β per SD: 0.11±0.02; p<0.001) and HbA1c (β: 0.21±0.02; p<0.001). However, PIR was not positively associated with other components of the metabolic syndrome and was even inversely associated with waist circumference (β: -0.22±0.03; p<0.001), BMI (β: -0.11±0.03; p<0.001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (β: -0.22±0.02; p<0.001). PIR was not significantly associated with the intima-media thickness (IMT), decline of kidney function, incident albuminuria, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.
conclusionsIn the KORA F4/FF4 cohort, PIR was positively associated with prevalent and incident T2D, but inversely associated with waist circumference, BMI and insulin resistance, suggesting that PIR might serve as a biomarker for T2D risk independently of the metabolic syndrome, but not for microvascular or macrovascular complications.
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